Update copyright year

Turns off clang-format for easier usage in projects using it.

.gitattributes

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-*.h linguist-language=C++
-*.tmpl linguist-language=HTML

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+github: aantron

.gitignore

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ scratch/
 doc/html/
 doc-publish/
 test/cxxtest/*.cc
-test/platform/
+test/build

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+language: cpp
+
+env:
+  - COMPILER="clang++-3.7"
+  - COMPILER="g++-5"
+  - COMPILER="g++-4.6"
+  - COMPILER="g++-4.7"
+  - COMPILER="g++-4.4"
+  - COMPILER="g++-4.8"
+  - COMPILER="g++-4.9"
+  - COMPILER="clang++-3.3"
+  - COMPILER="clang++-3.4"
+  - COMPILER="clang++-3.5"
+  - COMPILER="clang++-3.6"
+
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+    - env: COMPILER="clang++-3.3"
+    - env: COMPILER="clang++-3.5"
+
+before_script:
+  - sudo add-apt-repository --yes ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
+  - sudo add-apt-repository --yes ppa:h-rayflood/llvm
+  - sudo add-apt-repository -y 'deb http://llvm.org/apt/precise/ llvm-toolchain-precise-3.5 main'
+  - sudo add-apt-repository -y 'deb http://llvm.org/apt/precise/ llvm-toolchain-precise-3.6 main'
+  - sudo add-apt-repository -y 'deb http://llvm.org/apt/precise/ llvm-toolchain-precise-3.7 main'
+  - sudo apt-get update -qq
+  - sudo apt-get install --allow-unauthenticated $COMPILER
+  - git clone https://github.com/CxxTest/cxxtest.git cxxtest-ro
+  - curl -O https://cmake.org/files/v3.2/cmake-3.2.3-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
+  - tar -xzf cmake-3.2.3-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
+  - sudo cp -fR cmake-3.2.3-Linux-x86_64/* /usr
+
+script:
+  - export PATH="$PATH:$(pwd)/cxxtest-ro/bin"
+  - ln -s cxxtest-ro/cxxtest cxxtest
+  - cd test
+  - make COMPILER=$COMPILER unix

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2012-2015, Anton Bachin
+Copyright (c) 2012-2024, Anton Bachin
 All rights reserved.
 
 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,

README.md

@@ -1,39 +1,21 @@
-# Better Enums
+# Better Enums   [![Try online][wandbox-img]][wandbox] [![Travis status][travis-img]][travis] [![AppVeyor status][appveyor-img]][appveyor]
 
-Reflective compile-time C++ enum library with clean syntax, in a single header
-file. For example:
+[wandbox]:      http://melpon.org/wandbox/permlink/2QCi3cwQnplAToge
+[wandbox-img]:  https://img.shields.io/badge/try%20it-online-blue.svg
+[appveyor]:     https://ci.appveyor.com/project/aantron/better-enums/branch/master
+[travis]:       https://travis-ci.org/aantron/better-enums/branches
+[travis-img]:   https://img.shields.io/travis/aantron/better-enums/master.svg?label=travis
+[appveyor-img]: https://img.shields.io/appveyor/ci/aantron/better-enums/master.svg?label=appveyor
+[license-img]:  https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD-lightgrey.svg
 
-    #include <enum.h>
-    ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 1, Green, Blue)
+Reflective compile-time enum library with clean syntax, in a single header
+file, and without dependencies.
 
-defines a type `Channel`. You can then do natural things such as:
+![Better Enums code overview][sample]
 
-```cpp
-Channel channel = Channel::Green;
+[sample]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aantron/better-enums/master/doc/image/sample.gif
 
-channel._to_string();           // Results in the string "Green"
-Channel::_from_string("Red");   // Results in Channel::Red
-
-Channel::_from_integral(3);     // Checked cast, Channel::Blue
-
-Channel::_size;                 // Number of channels (3)
-Channel::_values()[0];          // Get the first channel
-
-for (Channel channel : Channel::_values()) {
-    process(channel);           // Iterate over all channels
-}
-
-// Natural switch, compiler checks the cases
-switch (channel) {
-    case Channel::Red:   break;
-    case Channel::Green: break;
-    case Channel::Blue:  break;
-}
-```
-
-...and more.
-
-In C++11, *everything* is available at compile time. You can convert your enums,
+In C++11, *everything* can be used at compile time. You can convert your enums,
 loop over them, [find their max][max],
 [statically enforce conventions][enforce], and pass along the results as
 template arguments or to `constexpr` functions. All the reflection is available
@@ -45,40 +27,77 @@ built into C++98.
 
 See the [project page][project] for full documentation.
 
-[max]:     http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/demo/BitSets.html
-[enforce]: http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/demo/SpecialValues.html
-[project]: http://aantron.github.io/better-enums
+[max]:      http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/demo/BitSets.html
+[enforce]:  http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/demo/SpecialValues.html
+[project]:  http://aantron.github.io/better-enums
+
+<br/>
 
 ## Installation
 
-Simply add `enum.h` to your project &mdash; that's it.
+Simply add `enum.h` to your project.
 
-Then, include it and use the `ENUM` macro. Your compiler will generate the rich
-enums that are missing from standard C++.
+<br/>
 
 ## Additional features
 
-- No dependencies and no external build tools. Uses only standard C++, though,
-  for C++98, variadic macro support is required.
-- Supported and tested on clang, gcc, and msvc.
+- Uses only standard C++, though, for C++98, variadic macro support is required
+  (major compilers have it).
+- Supported and tested on [clang, gcc, and msvc][testing].
 - Fast compilation. You have to declare a few dozen enums to slow down your
-  compiler as much as [just including `iostream` does][performance].
-- Use any initializers, just like with a built-in enum.
-- Guaranteed size and alignment &mdash; you choose the representation type.
+  compiler as much as [only including `iostream` does][performance].
+- Use any initializers and sparse ranges, just like with a built-in enum.
+- Control over size and alignment &mdash; you choose the representation type.
+- Stream operators.
+- Does not use the heap and can be compiled with exceptions disabled, for use in
+  minimal freestanding environments.
 
+[testing]:     http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/CompilerSupport.html
 [performance]: http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/Performance.html
 
-## Contact
+<br/>
 
-Don't hesitate to contact me about features or bugs:
-[antonbachin@yahoo.com](mailto:antonbachin@yahoo.com), or open an issue on
-GitHub.
+## Limitations
 
-## License and history
+1. The biggest limitation is that the `BETTER_ENUM` macro can't be used inside a
+class. This seems [difficult to remove][nested]. There is a workaround with
+`typedef` (or C++11 `using`):
 
-Better Enums is released under the BSD 2-clause license. See
-[LICENSE](https://github.com/aantron/better-enums/blob/master/LICENSE).
+    ```c++
+    BETTER_ENUM(SomePrefix_Color, uint8_t, Red, Green, Blue)
 
-The library was originally developed by the author in the winter of 2012-2013 at
-Hudson River Trading, as a replacement for an older generator called
-`BETTER_ENUM`.
+    struct triplet {
+        typedef SomePrefix_Color    Color;
+        Color                       r, g, b;
+    };
+
+    triplet::Color  color;
+    ```
+
+    You can, however, use `BETTER_ENUM` inside a namespace.
+
+2. The macro has a soft limit of 64 declared constants. You can extend it by
+following [these instructions][extend]. Ultimately, the number of constants is
+limited by your compiler's maximum macro argument count.
+
+3. In some cases, it is necessary to prefix constants such as `Channel::Red` with a
+`+` to explicitly promote them to type `Channel`. For example, if you are doing
+a comparison:
+
+    ```c++
+    channel == +Channel::Red
+    ```
+
+4. On msvc, you may need to enable [warning C4062][C4062] to get `switch` case exhaustiveness checking.
+
+[nested]: http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/DesignDecisionsFAQ.html#NoEnumInsideClass
+[extend]: http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/ExtendingLimits.html
+[C4062]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-4-c4062
+
+<br/>
+
+## History
+
+The original version of the library was developed by the author in the winter of
+2012-2013 at Hudson River Trading, as a replacement for an older generator
+called `BETTER_ENUM`.

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+version: "{build}"
+
+branches:
+  except:
+    - gh-pages
+    - traits
+
+skip_tags : true
+shallow_clone: true
+
+os: Visual Studio 2017
+
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - TITLE: vc2017
+      COMPILER: Visual Studio 15 2017
+    - TITLE: vc2015
+      COMPILER: Visual Studio 14 2015
+    - TITLE: vc2013
+      COMPILER: Visual Studio 12 2013
+
+install:
+  - git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/CxxTest/cxxtest.git
+
+build_script:
+  - set CL=/I C:\projects\better-enums\cxxtest
+  - set PATH=%PATH%;C:\projects\better-enums\cxxtest\bin;C:\cygwin\bin
+  - cd test
+  - make ms

doc/ApiReference.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ $internal_toc
 The declaration
 
     #include <enum.h>
-    <em>ENUM</em>(<em>Enum</em>, <em>underlying_type</em>, <em>A</em>, <em>B</em>, <em>C</em>, ...)
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Enum</em>, <em>underlying_type</em>, <em>A</em>, <em>B</em>, <em>C</em>, ...)
 
 generates a new class type `Enum` which is notionally similar to the type
 created by this $cxx11 declaration:
@@ -20,29 +20,29 @@ That is, `Enum` is a scoped enumerated type with constants `Enum::A`, `Enum::B`,
 `Enum::C`, and so on, with memory representation the same as `underlying_type`.
 It is possible to supply initializers for any of the constants:
 
-    <em>ENUM</em>(Enum, underlying_type, <em>A</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>B</em> = <em>constant_expression</em>, <em>C</em> = <em>A</em>, ...)
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(Enum, underlying_type, <em>A</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>B</em> = <em>constant_expression</em>, <em>C</em> = <em>A</em>, ...)
 
 The initializers have the same meaning and constraints as in a built-in `enum`
 or `enum class` declaration.
 
 ---
 
-The principal differences between the types declared by the `ENUM` macro and
-`enum class` are:
+The principal differences between the types declared by the `BETTER_ENUM` macro
+and `enum class` are:
 
-  - `ENUM` is available for $cxx98
+  - `BETTER_ENUM` is available for $cxx98
     [compilers](${prefix}CompilerSupport.html) supporting `__VA_ARGS__` &mdash;
     all major compilers &mdash; while `enum class` is restricted to $cxx11,
-  - the `ENUM` type is implicitly convertible to integral types, though this can
-    be [disabled](${prefix}OptInFeatures.html#StrictConversions) when using
-    $cxx11, and
-  - the `ENUM` type supports a set of reflective operations, detailed in the
-    rest of this reference.
+  - the `BETTER_ENUM` type is implicitly convertible to integral types, though
+    this can be [disabled](${prefix}OptInFeatures.html#StrictConversions) when
+    using $cxx11, and
+  - the `BETTER_ENUM` type supports a set of reflective operations, detailed in
+    the rest of this reference.
 
 ---
 
-The types produced by the `ENUM` macro are called *Better Enums* in the rest of
-this reference.
+The types produced by the `BETTER_ENUM` macro are called *Better Enums* in the
+rest of this reference.
 
 Better Enums are similar to their underlying type for the purposes of argument
 passing. This means that they typically fit into a machine word, and should be
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ in order to avoid conflicts with potential constant names.
 
 The rest of this reference uses the following declaration as a running example:
 
-    <em>ENUM</em>(<em>Enum</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>A</em>, <em>B</em>, <em>C</em>)
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Enum</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>A</em>, <em>B</em>, <em>C</em>)
 
 
 
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ rest of the documentation.
 
 #### <em>typedef _enumerated</em>
 
-An internal type used to declare constants. The `ENUM` macro generates something
-similar to
+An internal type used to declare constants. The `BETTER_ENUM` macro generates
+something similar to
 
 ~~~comment
 <em>struct Enum</em> {
@@ -150,9 +150,14 @@ using <em>optional</em> = <em>better_enums::optional</em>&lt;<em>Enum</em>&gt;;
 The types and members described here have to do with the sequence of constants
 declared, i.e. `A`, `B`, `C` in the [running example](#RunningExample).
 
-#### static constexpr size_t <em>_size</em>
+#### static constexpr size_t <em>_size</em>()
 
-The number of constants declared. `Enum::_size == 3`.
+The number of constants declared. `Enum::_size() == 3`.
+
+#### static constexpr const size_t <em>_size_constant</em>
+
+Same as [`_size`](#_size), but a constant instead of a function. This is
+provided for use in $cxx98 constant expressions.
 
 #### <em>typedef _value_iterable</em>
 
@@ -223,7 +228,7 @@ If the given string is the exact name of a declared constant, returns the
 constant. Otherwise, throws `std::runtime_error`. Running time is linear in the
 number of declared constants multiplied by the length of the longest constant.
 
-#### static constexpr optional<Enum> <em>_from_string_nothrow</em>(const char*)
+#### static constexpr optional&lt;Enum&gt; <em>_from_string_nothrow</em>(const char*)
 
 Same as [`_from_string`](#_from_string), but does not throw an exception on
 failure. Returns an [optional value](#StructBetter_enumsoptional) instead.
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@ failure. Returns an [optional value](#StructBetter_enumsoptional) instead.
 Same as [`_from_string`](#_from_string), but comparison is up to case, in the
 usual sense in the Latin-1 encoding.
 
-#### static constexpr optional<Enum> <em>_from_string_nocase_nothrow</em>(const char*)
+#### static constexpr optional&lt;Enum&gt; <em>_from_string_nocase_nothrow</em>(const char*)
 
 Is to [`_from_string_nocase`](#_from_string_nocase) as
 [`_from_string_nothrow`](#_from_string_nothrow) is to
@@ -255,7 +260,7 @@ case as in [`_from_string_nocase`](#_from_string_nocase).
 Evaluates to the name of the Better Enum type. `Enum::_name()` is the same
 string as `"Enum"`.
 
-#### typedef <em>_name_iterable</em>
+#### <em>typedef _name_iterable</em>
 
 Type of object that permits iteration over names of declared constants. Has at
 least `constexpr` `begin()`, `end()`, and `size()` methods. `operator[]` is also
@@ -263,7 +268,7 @@ available, but is `constexpr` if and only if [`_to_string`](#_to_string) is
 `constexpr`. Iteration visits constants in order of declaration. See usage
 example under [`_names`](#_names).
 
-#### typedef <em>_name_iterator</em>
+#### <em>typedef _name_iterator</em>
 
 Random-access iterator type for `_name_iterable`. Most operations are
 `constexpr`, but dereferencing is `constexpr` if and only if
@@ -322,7 +327,7 @@ example,
     (+<em>Enum::C</em>)<em>._to_integral</em>() == <em>2</em>
 
 Note that Better Enums are already implicitly convertible to their underlying
-integral types [by default](${prefix}OptInFeatures.html#StrictConversion).
+integral types [by default](${prefix}OptInFeatures.html#StrictConversions).
 You may still want to use this function, however, for clarity, and to ensure
 that your code remains compatible if the strict conversions feature is enabled
 later.
@@ -337,7 +342,7 @@ of one of the declared constants.
     <em>Enum::_from_integral</em>(<em>2</em>);    // Enum::C
     <em>Enum::_from_integral</em>(<em>42</em>);   // std::runtime_error
 
-#### static constexpr optional<Enum> <em>_from_integral_nothrow</em>(_integral)
+#### static constexpr optional&lt;Enum&gt; <em>_from_integral_nothrow</em>(_integral)
 
 Checked conversion as [`_from_integral`](#_from_integral), but does not throw an
 exception on failure. Returns an [optional value](#StructBetter_enumsoptional)
@@ -365,6 +370,64 @@ constants.
 
 
 
+### Index lookup
+
+#### member constexpr std::size_t <em>_to_index</em>() const
+
+Returns the index of a Better Enum value within its enum declaration. The index
+is determined from the value only; if two constants in the declaration have the
+same value, this function may return the index of either constant.
+
+If the value does not correspond to any constant in the declaration (for
+example, if it was obtained using an unchecked conversion or a cast), then the
+behavior of `value._to_index` is undefined.
+
+#### static constexpr Enum <em>_from_index</em>(size_t)
+
+Returns the value of the constant with the given index. Throws
+`std::runtime_error` if not given the index of one of the constants.
+
+#### static constexpr Enum <em>_from_index_unchecked</em>(size_t)
+
+Returns the value of the constant with the given index. If not given one of the
+constants in the declaration of the enum, the returned value is undefined.
+
+#### static constexpr optional&lt;Enum&gt; <em>_from_index_nothrow</em>(size_t)
+
+Returns the value of the constant with the given index.
+
+
+
+### Stream operators
+
+#### non-member std::ostream& <em>operator <<</em>(std::ostream&, const Enum&)
+
+Formats the given enum to the given stream in the same way as
+[`_to_string`](#_to_string).
+
+#### non-member std::istream& <em>operator >></em>(std::istream&, Enum&)
+
+Reads from the given stream and attempts to parse an enum value in the same way
+as [`_from_string`](#_from_string). In case of failure, sets the stream's
+`failbit`.
+
+
+
+### Hashing
+
+#### macro <em>BETTER_ENUMS_DECLARE_STD_HASH</em>(Enum)
+
+Use this outside namespace scope to declare a specialization of `std::hash` for
+the type `Enum`. For example:
+
+    // This declaration might be inside a namespace.
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, int, Red, Green, Blue)
+
+    // Later, outside the namespace:
+    <em>BETTER_ENUMS_DECLARE_STD_HASH</em>(<em>Channel</em>)
+
+
+
 %% class = api
 
 %% description = Detailed description of the Better Enums API.

doc/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Contributing to Better Enums
+
+All contributions are welcome: feedback, documentation changes, and, of course,
+pull requests and patch suggestions. A list of contributors is maintained in the
+`CONTRIBUTORS` file. I am grateful to everyone mentioned.
+
+## Some major outstanding issues
+
+- Better Enums currently uses linear scans for lookup, so it could really
+  benefit from a lookup data structure that is really fast to generate at
+  compile time. All the sorts and other approaches I have tried so far,
+  including MPL, Meta, and my own, have been 10-50 times too slow for practical
+  use.
+- Alternatively, if there is a method to detect whether a given function is
+  running at compile or run time, Better Enums could use linear scans during
+  compilation, then do a sort at program initialization, and then use fast
+  lookups.
+- It would be nice if name trimming was always `constexpr`. Right now, this is
+  not the default, because it makes compilation of each Better Enum about four
+  times slower. Better Enums needs a fast way to take a `const char*`, chop off
+  any initializers, and return the new `const char*`.
+- I would like to enable more warning flags besides just
+  `-Wall -Wextra -pedantic`, but CxxTest triggers the extra warnings.
+  `CMakeLists.txt` should probably be modified to add the extra warnings to all
+  targets that are not CxxTest tests.
+
+## Testing
+
+I typically write small programs to play around with `enum.h`. The `scratch/`
+directory is in `.gitignore` for this purpose. Create `scratch/` and feel free
+to do anything you want in it. Once your change is nearly complete, you should
+run the automated test suite.
+
+While still actively developing, run `make -C test` to do quick builds. Before
+submitting your pull request, run `make -C test default-all`. The first command
+tests your code on your system compiler in one configuration, and the second
+command tests it in all configurations that your compiler supports.
+*Configurations* refers to the optional features of Better Enums, such as
+`constexpr` string conversion and using an `enum class` for `switch` statements.
+
+Once your pull request is submitted, the [AppVeyor][appveyor] and
+[Travis][travis] web services will automatically test it on many versions of
+GCC, Clang, and Visual C++. If you have more than one compiler installed
+locally, you can run either the `unix` or `ms` target in `test/Makefile` to test
+on a specific compiler. Open the `Makefile` file and find the targets for
+instructions.
+
+If your pull request does not include any changes to the code (for example, you
+have changed only documentation), add the text `[ci skip]` to the commit message
+to prevent AppVeyor and Travis from testing the commit.
+
+The `make` targets mentioned above depend on the following software:
+
+- Make
+- CMake
+- Python 2
+- [CxxTest][cxxtest]
+
+CxxTest's `bin/` directory has to be in `PATH` and the root `cxxtest/` directory
+has to be in whatever environment variable your system compiler uses to search
+for header files.
+
+On Windows, you also need [Cygwin][cygwin]. The directory containing
+`MSBuild.exe` must be in `PATH`.
+
+The programs in `example/` are generated from the Markdown files in
+`doc/tutorial/` and `doc/demo/`. If you have edited the Markdown files, you
+should run `make -C test examples` to update the example program sources.
+
+If you have created a new example program or compilation performance test, add
+it to `test/CMakeLists.txt`. Search for the name of an existing program, such as
+`1-hello-world`, and you should see where to add new ones.
+
+[cygwin]:   https://www.cygwin.com
+[cxxtest]:  http://cxxtest.com
+[appveyor]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/aantron/better-enums
+[travis]:   https://travis-ci.org/aantron/better-enums
+
+## Commits
+
+Please write descriptive commit messages that follow the 50/72 rule. I am likely
+to edit commit messages when merging into `master`. I will also squash multiple
+commits in most cases. If you prefer I not do either one, let me know, but then
+we will have to go back and forth on the exact contents of the pull request.
+
+I am maintaining the `master` branch in such a way that every commit passes its
+tests, i.e. `master` is always stable. Every commit going into `master` is first
+fully tested in its pull request branch, or in a temporary staging branch, if
+necessary.
+
+## Generating the documentation
+
+To generate an offline copy of the documentation, run `make -C doc`. To view it,
+open `doc/html/index.html`.

doc/CONTRIBUTORS

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Here you will find a list of everyone I have to thank for contributing code,
+suggestions, comments, other feedback, or anything else that was useful to the
+library. This file never shrinks - if a name goes missing, it's because a chat
+handle was replaced by a real name. There is no significance to the order.
+
+Thanks to:
+
+Tony Van Eerd
+Ben Alex
+Simon Stienen
+Alexander Buddenbrock

doc/CompilerSupport.md

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 ## Compiler support
 
-Better Enums aims to support all major compilers. It is known to definitely work
-on
+Better Enums aims to support all major compilers. It is known to work on:
 
-  - clang 3.3 to 3.6
-  - gcc 4.3 to 5.1
-  - Visual C++ 2013U4, 2015RC.
+  - clang 3.3 to 3.9
+  - gcc 4.3 to 5.3
+  - Visual C++ 2008 to 2015.
 
 The library can be used with any compiler that supports either $cxx11, or $cxx98
 with the `__VA_ARGS__` extension. This includes every version of gcc and clang I
@@ -76,6 +75,21 @@ vc2015 /EHsc
 vc2015 /EHsc /DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
 vc2013 /EHsc
 vc2013 /EHsc /DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
+vc2012 /EHsc
+vc2010 /EHsc
+vc2008 /EHsc
+clang++39 -std=c++11
+clang++39 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
+clang++39 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
+clang++39 -std=c++98
+clang++38 -std=c++11
+clang++38 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
+clang++38 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
+clang++38 -std=c++98
+clang++37 -std=c++11
+clang++37 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
+clang++37 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
+clang++37 -std=c++98
 clang++36 -std=c++11
 clang++36 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
 clang++36 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
@@ -88,14 +102,11 @@ clang++34 -std=c++11
 clang++34 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
 clang++34 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
 clang++34 -std=c++98
-clang++33 -std=c++11
-clang++33 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
-clang++33 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
 clang++33 -std=c++98
-g++51 -std=c++11
-g++51 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
-g++51 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
-g++51 -std=c++98
+g++53 -std=c++11
+g++53 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
+g++53 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
+g++53 -std=c++98
 g++49 -std=c++11
 g++49 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
 g++49 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
@@ -108,17 +119,12 @@ g++47 -std=c++11
 g++47 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
 g++47 -std=c++11 -DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
 g++47 -std=c++98
-g++46 -std=c++0x -DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR
-g++46 -std=c++0x -DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
 g++46 -std=c++98
-g++45 -std=c++0x -DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR
-g++45 -std=c++0x -DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
 g++45 -std=c++98
-g++44 -std=c++0x -DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR
-g++44 -std=c++0x -DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR -DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION
 g++44 -std=c++98
-g++43 -std=c++0x -DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR
 g++43 -std=c++98
 ~~~
 
-%% description = Information about compiler support and feature detection.
+%% description =
+Better Enums compiler support, compatibility, feature detection, and automated
+testing.

doc/Contact.md

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-## Contact
-
-- Send me an email: [antonbachin@yahoo.com](mailto:antonbachin@yahoo.com).
-- Visit the [GitHub]($repo) project to open an issue or get a development
-  version.
-
-I also watch the `enums` tag on Stack Overflow.
-
-I'm happy to hear any feedback. If you have any trouble using the library or
-parsing the documentation, please don't hesitate to let me know.
-
-And, if you find this library helpful, give it a star on GitHub to let me know
-you use it. It will help keep me encouraged :)
-
-%% description = Contact information for bugs, issues, support, and feedback.

doc/DesignDecisionsFAQ.md

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+## Design decisions FAQ
+
+$be pushes at the edges of what is possible in standard $cxx, and I've had to
+make some difficult decisions as a result. You can imagine the set of
+potential reflective enum implementations as a space, with axes such as "concise
+syntax," "uniform interface," "compilation speed," "run-time performance," and
+so on. As is typical in engineering, the constraints are such that as you move
+to extremes along one axis, you have to retreat along others — for
+example, some desirable aspects of concise syntax conflict with having a uniform
+interface, which is nonetheless good for teachability, and compile-time
+performance is, in some ways, at odds with run-time performance.
+
+So, there are many variations possible on $be, and, in fact, I have tried and
+maintained a few. This page describes how I chose the one that is published.
+The choices are debatable, but I am attempting to record the debate. Hopefully,
+this will either convince you that I have made a good choice, or, if you
+disagree, you will have a good starting point for discussion, or even for
+implementing an alternative.
+
+I am always looking for new arguments and approaches. If you have an idea,
+comment, criticism, please do [let me know][contact].
+
+$internal_toc
+
+### Why do enum members have underscores?
+
+Enum members such as `_to_string` occupy the same scope as the names of
+constants declared by the user. I chose to prefix members with underscores to
+lessen the chances of collision. For example, take `_valid`, and suppose it was
+`valid` instead. That would make this enum impossible:
+
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM(Status, char, valid, invalid)</em>
+
+because the constant `Status::valid` would clash with the member
+`Status::valid`.
+
+Of course, users could try to declare constants with underscores as well, but I
+find it easier to ask users not to do that, rather than ask them to worry about
+a potentially growing set of reserved names, which they wouldn't fully know even
+for a single version of Better Enums, without frequently looking at the API
+documentation.
+
+Alternatives to this involve separating the namespaces occupied by members and
+constants. I don't think increasing nesting is an option, since nobody wants to
+write `Status::values::valid` or `Status::operations::valid`. I don't think
+moving constants out of `Status` is a good idea, since scoped constants is a
+feature of Better Enums, which is especially important for $cxx98 usage.
+
+This leaves the possibility of moving the operations performed by the members
+into traits types, i.e. something like `traits<Status>::valid`. That is an
+interesting option, and it has [its own section][traits]. I have tried it, but
+the verbosity increase is much greater than the benefit of dropping underscores,
+so I chose not to do it.
+
+### Why does Better Enums use a macro at all?
+
+Better Enums needs to turn the names of declared constants into strings, and I
+don't believe there is any way to do this in standard $cxx except by using the
+preprocessor's macro parameter stringization operator (`#`). So, at the top
+level, Better Enums has to provide a macro. I am, however, trying to keep the
+user-facing macros to a minimum; in particular there is only one.
+
+I think that's the best that is possible. Furthermore, apart from the macro
+itself, the declaration looks very similar to a $cxx11 `enum` declaration, with
+an underlying type, comma-separated constant list, and the same support for
+initializers as built-in enums. So, I am trying to keep even this one macro out
+of the user's way. I wouldn't accept any change that involved turning the
+declaration into a preprocessor sequence or tuple, i.e. something like
+
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, (Red)(Green)((Blue)(5)))</em>
+
+even if it promised extra capabilities.
+
+Better Enums uses additional macros internally, for two main purposes: to do the
+actual work of stringizing the declared constants and assembling them into
+arrays, and to configure itself by detecting which compiler it is running on.
+
+I am not a fan of gratuitous macros, but in these cases they are unavoidable,
+and, indeed, I am grateful for the stringization operator.
+
+<a id="NoEnumInsideClass"></a>
+### Why is it not possible to declare a Better Enum inside a class?
+
+This is due to an interaction between linkage and `constexpr`.
+
+1. Better Enums is a header-only library that declares arrays with static
+   storage, such as the array of constant names for each declared enum. Such
+   arrays can be declared in namespace scope, in class scope, or in function
+   scope, but they also need to be defined somewhere.
+
+   If `BETTER_ENUM` is to be usable in both namespace and class scope, it
+   already can't assume that it can declare arrays in namespace scope, since if
+   `BETTER_ENUM` is used in a class, its entire expansion will be enclosed in
+   the declaration of that class.
+
+   That leaves class scope and function scope. If the arrays are declared in
+   class scope, there needs to be a separate definition of them in some
+   translation unit. This is too burdensome for the user, because the separate
+   definition would involve repetition of the constants in the macro parameter
+   list, creating exactly the type of maintenance problem that Better Enums is
+   trying to eliminate.
+
+   Function scope is the only viable option remaining after considering linkage
+   constraints. Each array can be wrapped in a static function, which has a
+   static local variable, which is initialized with the array. The functions can
+   be called to get references to the arrays.
+
+   However....
+
+2. These arrays need to be accessible to `constexpr` code in $cxx11, and
+   `constexpr` functions are not allowed to have static local variables.
+
+Ironically, this seems like one place where $cxx98 is more "flexible," but only
+for the reason that compile-time usage of Better Enums is not supported in
+$cxx98.
+
+<a id="Traits"></a>
+### Should Better Enums provide enum "objects" or traits types?
+
+A Better Enum value is an "object," whose memory representation is the same as
+its underlying type. For example,
+
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)</em>
+
+expands to something like
+
+    <em>struct Channel {
+        enum _enumerated : int { Red, Green, Blue };
+        int _value;</em>
+        // Strings array, _to_string, _from_string, etc.
+    <em>};</em>
+
+---
+
+There is an alternative interpretation, in which the Better Enums library
+generates enum traits instead, i.e. the generated arrays and members sit
+alongside built-in enums instead of wrapping them:
+
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)</em>
+
+generates
+
+    <em>enum class Channel : int { Red, Green, Blue };</em>
+
+    <em>template <>
+    struct ::better_enums::traits<Channel> {
+        using _enumerated = Channel;</em>
+        // Strings array, to_string, from_string, etc.
+    <em>};</em>
+
+---
+
+There are a number of advantages to the traits approach.
+
+- The underscore prefixes can be dropped from member names, since they no longer
+  share a namespace with user-declared constants.
+- The interface, at first glance, becomes more uniform, since now every member
+  is a static member of the traits type. Without traits, `_to_string` is a
+  non-static member, while `_from_string` is a static member.
+- `Channel` is one of the language's own enum types, instead of some mystery
+  type provided by Better Enums. This may make it easier to understand. It also
+  eliminates the problem with different syntaxes for `switch` statements
+  described [here][implicit].
+
+However, it also introduces some difficulties.
+
+- The syntax is more verbose, since everything becomes a member of the traits
+  type. For example, instead of `Channel::_from_string()`, you get
+  `better_enums::traits<Channel>::from_string()`. The underscore may be
+  unpleasant, but so far I have preferred the underscore to boilerplate.
+- The uniform interface ends up getting wrapped behind functions anyway, for the
+  sake of type inference. For example, the "naked" `to_string` function is
+  called as `better_enums::traits<Channel>::to_string(channel)`, which is
+  redundant, because the compiler could infer the type parameter `Channel` if it
+  was the parameter of the function instead of the traits type. So, the obvious
+  thing is to define such a wrapper function, which can then be called as
+  `better_enums::to_string(channel)`. No such function can be easily defined for
+  `from_string` and other `from_*` functions, however, because the type
+  parameters can't be inferred from arguments. So, the signatures of `to_*` and
+  `from_*` functions again effectively diverge, negating this advantage of
+  traits. The closest I can get with wrappers is
+  `better_enums::from_string<Channel>`, which has the same signature only in the
+  formal sense, i.e. modulo the difference in type inference.
+
+  I actually think there is a way to infer the type parameter from the return
+  type, similar to how it is done [here][infer], but that will not be suitable
+  for all contexts, and the user may be surprised by ambiguous resolution error
+  messages when it is not.
+- Scoped constants are lost for $cxx98 unless Better Enums again wraps them in a
+  generated type, though it will be more lightweight than a full Better Enum of
+  the non-traits approach.
+- Traits types must be specialized in either the same namespace scope they are
+  declared in, or in an enclosing scope. This makes it impossible to declare an
+  enum and specialize traits for it in a user's custom namespace.
+
+Despite the disadvantages listed just above, I consider the traits approach
+interesting &mdash; it's a close call. There is an
+[out-of-date branch][traits-branch] containing a traits version of Better Enums.
+You can see some of the usage in its [samples][traits-samples] directory. I may
+update it from time to time, especially if there is interest.
+
+### Why does Better Enums use linear scans for lookup?
+
+It seems that Better Enums needs to use the same algorithms at compile time as
+at run time, because I have not found a way (and doubt there is one) to
+determine, during the execution of a `constexpr` function, whether it is
+executing at compile time or at run time. So, whatever data structures I use to
+accelerate lookup, I have to generate them at compile time, to be available as
+early as possible.
+
+I tried to generate various data structures at compile time, but so far,
+generation has been too slow. The fastest algorithm so far, a compile-time merge
+sort based on template parameter packs, took over 100ms to run on the constant
+set of a large enum. I would have to run three of these per enum &mdash; for the
+constants, for the names, and for the names with case-insensitive comparison.
+This results in a 300ms slowdown per enum, which is not acceptable, given that
+on my system the same compiler takes 370ms to process `iostream`, and less than
+10ms to process an enum without acceleration data structures. Declaring five
+large enums with accelerated lookup would take 1.5 seconds of compilation time.
+This doesn't scale to large projects with many translation units.
+
+I am continuing to look for faster algorithms or better approaches, so faster
+lookup may be coming to Better Enums in the future.
+
+So far, I have tried Boost.MPL sort, Eric Niebler's Meta sort, my own selection
+sort based on `constexpr`, and an insertion and merge sort based on parameter
+packs. I cannot use (Boost?).Hana sort, because that requires $cxx14. I am also
+considering various hash table-like data structures, and providing two sets of
+interfaces for compile-time and run-time usage, which is something I would
+really rather not have to do. The latter option would be worth considering,
+however, if I measured a significant improvement in running time from better
+data structures &mdash; something I haven't gotten to yet because there doesn't
+seem to be a data structure to measure that is not disqualified by the speed of
+generation.
+
+### Why not use indices for the representation?
+
+Representing Better Enum values by their indices in the declaration list seems
+like a tempting solution for the problem of having multiple constants with the
+same numeric value. It also speeds up some operations. For example, if a Better
+Enum is simply an index, then getting its string representation is simply
+indexing an array, rather than some kind of data structure lookup.
+
+    // Representations 0, 1, 2, 3 instead of 1, 2, 3, 1.
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM(Kind, int, A = 1, B, C, D = A)</em>
+
+Choosing this approach has serious drawbacks.
+
+- The data structure lookup has simply been moved to another place. It now takes
+  time to convert from a literal `Kind::D` to a Better Enum.
+- It is still impossible to disambiguate between the literals `Kind::D` and
+  `Kind::A` (1 and 1). Only the Better Enums objects of type `Kind` that
+  represent `D` and `A` are different from each other (0 and 3). This is not
+  only a technical problem, but is also quite unintuitive.
+- Treating a Better Enum represented by an index as untyped memory produces
+  surprising results. This makes Better Enums much less useful with functions
+  such as `fwrite`. Worse, Better Enums become sensitive to declaration order
+  even when initializers are given explicitly. Using indices for the
+  representation makes it difficult to maintain compatibility with external
+  protocols and file formats.
+
+[contact]: ${prefix}Contact.html
+[traits]: #Traits
+[implicit]: ${prefix}OptInFeatures.html#StrictConversions
+[infer]: ${prefix}demo/SpecialValues.html
+[traits-branch]: $repo/tree/traits
+[traits-samples]: $repo/tree/traits/samples
+
+%% description = Better Enums design decisions and tradeoffs.

doc/ExtendingLimits.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ## Extending limits
 
-The `ENUM` macro makes heavy use of the preprocessor, and some of the internal
-macros have size limits. There are two: on the number of constants you can
-declare, and on the maximum length of a constant name under very specific
+The `BETTER_ENUM` macro makes heavy use of the preprocessor, and some of the
+internal macros have size limits. There are two: on the number of constants you
+can declare, and on the maximum length of a constant name under very specific
 conditions. If you run into either one, you can extend the limit by following
 the instructions on this page.
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ constants of full-`constexpr` enums. To extend:
      example. Add 1 to the number of characters to account for the null
      terminator — our numbers are now 512 and 64.
   2. Get `make_macros.py` from your copy of the full Better Enums distribution
-     or from <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aantron/better-enums/$version/script/make_macros.py" download>GitHub</a>.
+     or from <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aantron/better-enums/$ref/script/make_macros.py" download>GitHub</a>.
   3. You will run this script to generate a header file containing some
      replacement macros for `enum.h` to use. Pick a name for this file and a
      location somewhere in your include path. I will assume that this file is
@@ -31,10 +31,38 @@ constants of full-`constexpr` enums. To extend:
 
      - For g++ and clang++, `-DBETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE='<common/enum_macros.h>'`
      - For VC++, `\DBETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE='<common/enum_macros.h>'`
+     - With CMake, you may need something like
+       `add_definitions(-DBETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE="$${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/enum-macros.h")`
+
+     You can also create a new header file that defines this macro, and then
+     includes `enum.h`. Then, include your new file everywhere where you would
+     otherwise include `enum.h`:
+
+     ~~~comment
+     <em>#pragma once
+
+     #define BETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE <common/enum_macros.h>
+     #include <enum.h></em>
+     ~~~
 
   6. Enjoy the looser limits. Just watch out &mdash; increasing the second
      number can really slow down compilation of full-`constexpr` enums.
   7. You don't need `make_macros.py` anymore. It's not part of your build
      process and you can delete it.
 
-%% description = How to extend limits imposed by internal macros.
+---
+
+I am paying attention to feedback, so if more than a few users say that the
+default limit of 64 constants is too low, I will increase it to simplify
+everyone's command line. The current choice of 64 is basically an arbitrary
+guess, loosely informed by the following two facts about macro parameter limits:
+
+- The default limit in Boost.Preprocessor is 64. Though Better Enums does not
+  use Boost, I took this number as a guideline.
+- The next power of two, 128, is more than [the number Visual C++ supports][vc]
+  (127).
+
+[vc]: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ft39hh4x.aspx
+
+%% description =
+How to extend limits imposed by internal macros in Better Enums.

doc/Makefile

@@ -1,23 +1,36 @@
-SOURCE_MARKDOWN := $(wildcard tutorial/*) $(wildcard demo/*)
-SOURCE_CXX := $(SOURCE_MARKDOWN:.md=.cc)
+toexample = ../example/$(notdir $(1:.md=.cc))
 
-.PHONY : all
-all : html examples
+SOURCE_MARKDOWN := $(wildcard tutorial/*.md) $(wildcard demo/*.md)
+SOURCE_CXX := $(foreach md,$(SOURCE_MARKDOWN),$(call toexample,$(md)))
 
 .PHONY : html
 html :
 	python docs.py
+	@echo "See html/index.html"
+
+.PHONY : publish
+publish : prepare
+	cp -r html/* ../doc-publish
+	cd ../doc-publish && git add . && git commit --amend --reset-author && \
+		git push -f
+
+.PHONY : prepare
+prepare : examples web
+
+.PHONY : web
+web : examples
+	python docs.py --web
 
 .PHONY : examples
-examples : clean-examples $(SOURCE_CXX)
+examples : $(SOURCE_CXX)
 
-.PHONY : clean-examples
-clean-examples :
-	make -C ../example clean
-	rm -f ../example/*.cc
+define EXAMPLE
+$(1) : $(2)
+	python transform.py --o-cxx $(1) $(2)
+endef
 
-%.cc : %.md
-	python transform.py --o-cxx ../example/$(notdir $@) $<
+$(foreach md,$(SOURCE_MARKDOWN), \
+  		  $(eval $(call EXAMPLE,$(call toexample,$(md)),$(md))))
 
 .PHONY : clean
 clean :

doc/OptInFeatures.md

@@ -6,6 +6,27 @@ default. Read this page if you want to enable them.
 
 $internal_toc
 
+### Default constructors
+
+Better Enums generate with inaccessible (private or deleted) default
+constructors. This is meant to help control where in your program Better Enums
+values are introduced, and thus ensure that only valid, properly initialized
+enum values are ever created.
+
+If you want Better Enums to have a default constructor, you can do something
+like the following:
+
+~~~
+<em>#define</em> <em>BETTER_ENUMS_DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTOR</em>(<em>Enum</em>) \
+  <em>public</em>:                                      \
+    <em>Enum()</em> = <em>default</em>;
+
+<em>#include</em> <<em>enum.h</em>>
+~~~
+
+You can put this in its own header file, and include that header file instead of
+including `enum.h` directly.
+
 ### Compile-time name trimming
 
 This makes `_to_string` and `_names` `constexpr`, i.e. "full" `constexpr` mode.
@@ -22,7 +43,8 @@ slow enums to get the same penalty as including `iostream` &mdash; but it is
 a steep penalty nonetheless. I don't think most people need this feature most of
 the time, so it's too high a price to pay. If I improve compilation times to the
 point where compile-time name trimming can be the default, I will simply
-redefine `SLOW_ENUM` as `ENUM` and deprecate it, so your code will still work.
+redefine `SLOW_ENUM` as `BETTER_ENUM` and deprecate it, so your code will still
+work.
 
 ### Strict conversions
 
@@ -64,5 +86,17 @@ Here they are:
         case <em>+</em>Channel::Blue:  break;
     }
 
-%% description = Opting into features disabled by default for performance or
-compatibility reasons.
+%% description = Optional Better Enums features, disabled by default for
+performance or compatibility reasons.
+
+### Injecting tokens
+
+You can define `BETTER_ENUMS_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE` before declaring a Better Enum, to
+inject tokens into the class declaration. For example, in
+
+    #define <em>BETTER_ENUMS_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE</em> <em>__attribute__(foo)</em>
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, int, Red, Green, Blue)
+
+The resulting enum declaration will begin with
+
+    class <em>__attribute__(foo)</em> <em>Channel</em> {

doc/Performance.md

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ to get a rough idea of how long it takes to compile Better Enums.
 
 The files compared in the test are as follows:
 
-  - [One file]($repo/blob/$version/test/performance/4-declare_enums.cc) includes
+  - [One file]($repo/blob/$ref/test/performance/4-declare_enums.cc) includes
     `enum.h` and declares 647 constants across 36 Better Enums.
-  - The [other file]($repo/blob/$version/test/performance/5-iostream.cc) *only*
+  - The [other file]($repo/blob/$ref/test/performance/5-iostream.cc) *only*
     includes `iostream` and does nothing with it.
 
 The argument is that if compiling a bunch of Better Enums is faster, or about as
@@ -29,4 +29,22 @@ compiled faster.
   - gcc 5.1, full `constexpr`: 4.23
   - VC2015RC, $cxx98: 1.18
 
-%% description = Compilation performance testing results.
+The time to merely include `enum.h` vary widely by compiler, with clang being
+by far the fastest. The ratios to `iostream` are given below.
+
+  - clang 3.6: 0.15
+  - gcc 5.1: 0.77
+  - VC2015RC: 0.82
+
+On my test machines, clang processed the file in 40ms, gcc took 230ms, and
+VC2015 took 820ms. The first two are comparable to each other, but VC2015 runs
+on a different machine.
+
+---
+
+In general, I am very sensitive to performance. Better Enums was originally
+developed in the context of a commercial project where slow running times *and*
+slow compilation times were unacceptable. I am continuing to develop it in this
+spirit.
+
+%% description = Better Enums compilation speed and performance testing results.

doc/better-enums.css

@@ -11,13 +11,19 @@ pre, code, samp, h4, .contents ul {
         Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Menlo, "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
 }
 
+h1, .splash-text .self, nav .self {
+    font-family: Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;
+}
+
 pre {
     background-color: #477093;
     padding: 1.5em 20px;
     border-radius: 5px;
-    overflow: scroll;
+    overflow: auto;
     color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
     font-size: 78%;
+    max-width: 84ex;
+    margin-left: 1em;
 }
 
 pre em {
@@ -45,21 +51,35 @@ code, samp {
 }
 
 .container {
-    max-width: 760px;
-    margin-left: 230px;
+    margin-left: 150px;
+    margin-right: 150px;
 }
 
-@media (max-width: 1220px) {
+.main .container > * {
+    max-width: 41em;
+}
+
+.index .main .container > * {
+    max-width: none;
+}
+
+.main .container > .contents {
+    max-width: none;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 1400px) {
     .container {
         margin-left: auto;
         margin-right: auto;
+        width: 1100px;
     }
 }
 
-@media (max-width: 780px) {
+@media (max-width: 1120px) {
     .container {
         margin-left: 10px;
         margin-right: 10px;
+        width: auto;
     }
 }
 
@@ -79,6 +99,17 @@ nav, .spacer {
     background-color: #222;
 }
 
+nav > * > span {
+    float: right;
+    opacity: 0.9;
+    margin-right: 1em;
+}
+
+nav .self {
+    font-size: 16px;
+    padding-right: 0.5em;
+}
+
 nav a {
     margin-right: 2em;
 }
@@ -103,13 +134,38 @@ header {
     background: linear-gradient(#395E7E, #4A79A0);
     color: white;
     padding: 50px 0;
-    margin-bottom: 50px;
 }
 
 h1 {
     margin: 0;
     font-size: 60px;
-    font-weight: 100;
+    font-weight: normal;
+    text-shadow: -2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
+}
+
+header section {
+    float: left;
+}
+
+header section.buttons, header section.notes {
+    float: right;
+    margin-top: 1.75em;
+    margin-left: 20px;
+}
+
+header section.notes {
+    max-width: 20em;
+    font-size: 75%;
+    margin-right: 10px;
+    opacity: 0.7;
+}
+
+header section.notes p {
+    margin: 0.35em 0.35em;
+}
+
+header section.notes code {
+    background-color: transparent;
 }
 
 header h2 {
@@ -129,10 +185,41 @@ header h3 {
     opacity: 0.5;
 }
 
+.buttons a {
+    display: block;
+    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) !important;
+    width: 10em;
+    text-align: center;
+    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+    padding: 0.25em 0;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+}
+
+.buttons a:hover {
+    background-color: white !important;
+    color: #395E7E;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 1000px) {
+    header .notes {
+        display: none;
+    }
+
+    header .buttons {
+        margin-right: 2em;
+    }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 660px) {
+    header .buttons {
+        display: none;
+    }
+}
+
 h2 {
     margin-top: 2em;
     font-size: 36px;
-    font-weight: 100;
+    font-weight: 300;
 }
 
 hr {
@@ -142,20 +229,20 @@ hr {
 
 footer {
     font-size: 14px;
-    margin-top: 150px;
+    margin-top: 100px;
     margin-bottom: 20px;
-    opacity: 0.6;
+    opacity: 0.5;
 }
 
 a {
     text-decoration: none;
     color: white;
-    background-color: red;
+    /*background-color: red;*/
 }
 
 a[href=""] {
     color: white !important;
-    background-color: red !important;
+    /*background-color: red !important;*/
 }
 
 a:hover {
@@ -166,6 +253,10 @@ header a:hover {
     text-decoration: none;
 }
 
+.main {
+    margin-top: 50px;
+}
+
 .main a[href], footer a[href] {
     background-color: #edd;
     color: #844;
@@ -215,7 +306,6 @@ span#note:target {
 
 .main h3 {
     font-size: 30px;
-    font-weight: 100;
     margin-top: 2em;
     color: black;
 }
@@ -288,15 +378,45 @@ li {
 }
 
 .blurbs > li {
-    width: 45%;
     float: left;
     min-height: 5em;
 }
 
-.blurbs > li.even {
-    clear: both;
-    margin-left: 3%;
-    margin-right: 6%;
+@media (min-width: 1076px) {
+    .blurbs > li {
+        width: 28%;
+        margin-right: 4%;
+    }
+
+    .blurbs > li.zero-mod-three {
+        clear: both;
+        margin-left: 2%;
+    }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 1075px) {
+    .blurbs > li {
+        width: 45%;
+        margin-right: 4%;
+    }
+
+    .blurbs > li.zero-mod-two {
+        clear: both;
+        margin-left: 2%;
+    }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 620px) {
+    .blurbs > li {
+        float: none;
+        width: 100%;
+        min-height: 3em;
+    }
+
+    .blurbs > li.zero-mod-two {
+        margin-left: 0;
+        margin-right: 0;
+    }
 }
 
 .blurbs strong {
@@ -311,19 +431,6 @@ li {
     font-style: normal;
 }
 
-@media (max-width: 620px) {
-    .blurbs > li {
-        float: none;
-        width: 100%;
-        min-height: 3em;
-    }
-
-    .blurbs > li.even {
-        margin-left: 0;
-        margin-right: 0;
-    }
-}
-
 .act strong {
     font-weight: bold;
     font-size: 120%;
@@ -342,9 +449,25 @@ li {
     padding-left: 25px;
 }
 
+.splash-text {
+    padding-top: 1em;
+    font-size: 150%;
+    font-weight: normal;
+    color: #555;
+}
+
+.splash-text em {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #888;
+}
+
+.splash-text .self {
+    color: #777;
+    letter-spacing: 0;
+}
+
 .splash {
+    float: right;
     text-align: center;
-    margin-left: -10%;
     white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
@@ -354,12 +477,22 @@ li {
 
 .splash pre.left {
     text-align: right;
-    color: inherit;
+    color: black;
+    font-weight: bold;
     background-color: transparent;
+    padding-right: 0;
 }
 
 .splash pre.right {
     text-align: left;
+    background-color: black;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 1000px) {
+    .splash {
+        float: none;
+        margin-left: -10%;
+    }
 }
 
 @media (max-width: 700px) {
@@ -385,6 +518,7 @@ h4 {
     color: #888;
     padding-top: 1em;
     white-space: nowrap;
+    font-size: 125%;
 }
 
 h4 em {
@@ -394,9 +528,9 @@ h4 em {
 }
 
 .api ul.contents {
-    -webkit-columns: 300px 2;
-    -moz-columns: 300px 2;
-    columns: 300px 2;
+    -webkit-columns: 300px 3;
+    -moz-columns: 300px 3;
+    columns: 300px 3;
 }
 
 .api ul.contents > li {
@@ -407,6 +541,7 @@ h4 em {
 
 .main h3 {
     margin-top: 4em;
+    clear: both;
 }
 
 h3.contents {
@@ -425,3 +560,36 @@ h3.contents {
     margin-top: 0;
     padding-bottom: 1em;
 }
+
+.buttons-bar {
+    background-color: #f4f4f4;
+    padding-top: 0.5em;
+    padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+    height: 20px;
+}
+
+.buttons-bar a img {
+    margin-right: 25px;
+}
+
+.buttons-bar iframe.gh-button {
+    width: 95px;
+}
+
+.buttons-bar .tweet-share,
+.buttons-bar .gh-button {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+.index .buttons-bar .tweet-share,
+.index .buttons-bar .gh-button {
+    display: initial;
+}
+
+.buttons-bar iframe.gh-watch {
+    width: 103px;
+}
+
+.external {
+    font-size: 75%;
+}

doc/demo/101-special-values.md

@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ A macro allows us to override the invalid value by specializing the template:
 
 Now, we can declare enums like these:
 
-    ENUM(<em>Channel</em>, int, Red, Green, Blue, <em>Invalid</em>)
+    BETTER_ENUM(<em>Channel</em>, int, Red, Green, Blue, <em>Invalid</em>)
     // Invalid is the invalid value by default
 
-    ENUM(<em>Compression</em>, int, <em>Undefined</em>, None, Huffman)
+    BETTER_ENUM(<em>Compression</em>, int, <em>Undefined</em>, None, Huffman)
     OVERRIDE_INVALID(<em>Compression</em>, <em>Undefined</em>)
 
 and use them:
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ slightly more complex template function for the general case:
     constexpr <em>Enum default_imp</em>l()
     {
         return
-            <em>Enum::_size < 2 ?
+            <em>Enum::_size() < 2 ?
                 throw std::logic_error("enum has no valid constants") :
             Enum::_values()[0] == invalid_impl<Enum>() ?
                 Enum::_values()[1] :
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ And, as before, the usage:
 
 And, if you do
 
-    ENUM(<em>Answer</em>, int, Yes, No, <em>Invalid</em>)
+    BETTER_ENUM(<em>Answer</em>, int, Yes, No, <em>Invalid</em>)
     // OVERRIDE_DEFAULT(<em>Answer</em>, <em>Invalid</em>)
 
 you will get a helpful compile-time error saying
@@ -170,5 +170,6 @@ There are many possible variations of these policies, but I think most of them
 can be encoded in a reasonable fashion using the tools Better Enums provides.
 Enjoy!
 
-%% description = Encoding project policies for static enforcement using Better
-Enums.
+%% description = An example that uses Better Enums compile-time reflection to
+create invalid and default values for each enum, enforced statically by the
+compiler, for readability and maintainability.

doc/demo/103-bitset.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ We simply need to find the maximum value of any given enum type.
     constexpr <em>Enum max_loop</em>(Enum accumulator, size_t index)
     {
         return
-            <em>index >= Enum::_size ? accumulator :
+            <em>index >= Enum::_size() ? accumulator :
             Enum::_values()[index] > accumulator ?
                 max_loop<Enum>(Enum::_values()[index], index + 1) :
                 max_loop<Enum>(accumulator, index + 1)</em>;
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ Now, we can have bit sets that are wide enough to hold whatever range we
 declared. We just declare enums, and the numeric values of their constants will
 be bit indices. The rest is straightforward.
 
-    ENUM(<em>EFLAGS</em>, int,
-         <em>Carry</em>, <em>Parity</em> = 2, <em>Adjust</em> = 4, <em>Zero</em>, <em>Sign</em>, <em>Trap</em>, <em>Interrupt</em>, <em>Direction</em>,
-         <em>Overflow</em>, <em>NestedTask</em> = 14, <em>Resume</em> = 16, <em>V8086</em>, <em>AlignmentCheck</em>,
-         <em>CPUIDPresent</em> = 21)
+    BETTER_ENUM(<em>EFLAGS</em>, int,
+                <em>Carry</em>, <em>Parity</em> = 2, <em>Adjust</em> = 4, <em>Zero</em>, <em>Sign</em>, <em>Trap</em>, <em>Interrupt</em>, <em>Direction</em>,
+                <em>Overflow</em>, <em>NestedTask</em> = 14, <em>Resume</em> = 16, <em>V8086</em>, <em>AlignmentCheck</em>,
+                <em>CPUIDPresent</em> = 21)
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -65,5 +65,5 @@ static_assert(max<EFLAGS>()._to_integral() < 32,
               "some bit indices are out of range");
 ~~~
 
-%% description = Finding the maximum value of a Better Enum constant for use in
-declaring bit set types.
+%% description = Finding the maximum value of a Better Enum for use in declaring
+statically-sized bit set types.

doc/demo/104-quine.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ buffer for the definition at compile time.
 Ok, so it's not really a quine, because we won't be writing all the code needed
 to generate the definition to the buffer as well. And, there are better ways to
 dump the definition than shown here. You could simply define a macro that
-expands to an `ENUM` declaration and also stringizes it.
+expands to an `BETTER_ENUM` declaration and also stringizes it.
 
 But that's not the point here. The point of this page is to show some of the
 reflective capabilities of Better Enums, so you can adapt them for cases where a
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ since we will be calling `_to_string`. Let's make sure it's enabled by defining
 
 Now, let's declare some enums to dump later:
 
-    ENUM(<em>Channel</em>, int, Red, Green, Blue)
-    ENUM(<em>Depth</em>, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)
+    BETTER_ENUM(<em>Channel</em>, int, Red, Green, Blue)
+    BETTER_ENUM(<em>Depth</em>, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)
 
 
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ initializers for sequential values, but I won't go through this exercise here.
     constexpr <em>size_t constants_length</em>(size_t index = 0, size_t accumulator = 0)
     {
         return
-            <em>index >= Enum::_size ? accumulator :
+            <em>index >= Enum::_size() ? accumulator :
             constants_length<Enum>(
                 index + 1, accumulator
                             + string_length(", ")
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ the whole enum:
     constexpr <em>size_t declaration_length</em>()
     {
         return
-            <em>string_length("ENUM(")
+            <em>string_length("BETTER_ENUM(")
             + string_length(Enum::_name())
             + string_length(", int")
             + constants_length<Enum>()
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ so that we can do a sanity check on it.
     {
         size_t  offset = 0;
 
-        offset += std::sprintf(buffer, <em>"ENUM(%s, int", Enum::_name()</em>);
+        offset += std::sprintf(buffer, <em>"BETTER_ENUM(%s, int", Enum::_name()</em>);
 
         <em>for</em> (<em>Enum value</em> : <em>Enum::_values()</em>) {
             offset +=
@@ -166,8 +166,10 @@ Now, we can write and run this code.
 It prints:
 
 ~~~comment
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 0, Green = 1, Blue = 2)
-ENUM(Depth, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 0, Green = 1, Blue = 2)
+BETTER_ENUM(Depth, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)
 ~~~
 
-%% description = Contrived example that shows static memory allocation.
+%% description = Have a Better Enum print its own definition. Shows how to
+compute the amount of memory necessary from the reflective information provided
+by a Better Enum.

doc/demo/105-c++17-reflection.md

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+## C++17 reflection proposal
+
+*You can try this demo [live online][live].*
+
+Better Enums can be used to implement the enums portion of the
+[$cxx17 reflection proposal N4428][n4428] in $cxx11. N4428 proposes the
+following traits interface:
+
+~~~comment
+<em>namespace std {
+
+template <typename E>
+struct enum_traits {
+    struct enumerators {
+        constexpr static size_t         size;
+
+        template <size_t I>
+        struct get {
+            constexpr string_literal    identifier;
+            constexpr static E          value;
+        };
+    };
+};
+
+}</em>
+~~~
+
+So, the basic usage would be:
+
+~~~comment
+<em>enum class Foo {A, B, C};
+
+constexpr size_t            size =
+    std::enum_traits<Foo>::enumerators::size;
+
+constexpr Foo               value_0 =
+    std::enum_traits<Foo>::enumerators::get<0>::value;
+
+constexpr string_literal    name_1 =
+    std::enum_traits<Foo>::enumerators::get<1>::identifier;</em>
+~~~
+
+Resulting in the values `3`, `Foo::A`, and `"B"`, respectively.
+
+---
+
+The interface is implemented in the optional header file
+[`extra/better-enums/n4428.h`][header]. There is a necessary difference: the
+interface is only available for enums declared through the `BETTER_ENUM` macro.
+This is because the macro is what generates the information necessary for
+reflection.
+
+### Demo
+
+So, with that out of the way, we can do a little test. Let's assume that
+`extra/` has been added as a directory to search for include files.
+
+    #ifndef BETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
+    #define BETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
+    #endif
+
+    #include <iostream>
+    <em>#include</em> <<em>enum.h</em>>
+    <em>#include</em> <<em>better-enums/n4428.h</em>>
+
+---
+
+Let's declare an enum:
+
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>char</em>, <em>Red</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>Green</em>, <em>Blue</em>)
+
+...and try N4428:
+
+    constexpr std::size_t   <em>size</em> =
+        <em>std</em>::<em>enum_traits</em><<em>Channel</em>>::<em>enumerators</em>::<em>size</em>;
+
+    constexpr Channel       <em>value_0</em> =
+        <em>std</em>::<em>enum_traits</em><<em>Channel</em>>::<em>enumerators</em>::<em>get</em><<em>0</em>>::<em>value</em>;
+
+    constexpr Channel       <em>value_1</em> =
+        <em>std</em>::<em>enum_traits</em><<em>Channel</em>>::<em>enumerators</em>::<em>get</em><<em>1</em>>::<em>value</em>;
+
+    constexpr const char    *<em>identifier_2</em> =
+        <em>std</em>::<em>enum_traits</em><<em>Channel</em>>::<em>enumerators</em>::<em>get</em><<em>2</em>>::<em>identifier</em>;
+
+...and check the results:
+
+    static_assert(<em>size</em> == <em>3</em>, "");
+
+    static_assert(<em>value_0</em> == +<em>Channel::Red</em>, "");
+    static_assert(<em>value_1</em> == +<em>Channel::Green</em>, "");
+
+    int main()
+    {
+        std::cout << <em>identifier_2</em> << std::endl;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+That prints `Blue`, as you would expect.
+
+### Quirk
+
+The reason for the `#define` in the code above is that there is one quirk:
+the interface above is available only for Better Enums for which
+[compile-time name trimming][slow-enum] is enabled &mdash; those declared when
+`BETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING` was defined, or declared with the `SLOW_ENUM`
+variant of `BETTER_ENUM`. As mentioned on the linked page, the reason
+compile-time name trimming is not the default is that, while still pretty fast,
+it is four times slower than program-startup-time name trimming. The latter is
+the default.
+
+Despite the above, a variation on the interface is available for enums without
+compile-time name trimming:
+
+~~~comment
+<em>namespace std {
+
+template <typename E>
+struct enum_traits {
+    struct enumerators {
+        constexpr static size_t         size;
+
+        template <size_t I>
+        struct get {
+            constexpr const char        *identifier;
+            constexpr static E          value;
+        };
+
+        </em>// For enums without compile-time name trimming.<em>
+        template <size_t I>
+        struct get_alt {
+            static const char* identifier();
+            constexpr static E          value;
+        };
+    };
+};
+
+}</em>
+~~~
+
+As you can see, the difference is that `identifier` is a non-`constexpr`
+function, and you have to access it through `get_alt<I>`.
+
+~~~comment
+// Without compile-time name trimming.
+<em>BETTER_ENUM(Depth, int, HighColor, TrueColor)
+
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout
+        << std::enum_traits<Depth>::enumerators::get_alt<1>::identifier()
+        << std::endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}</em>
+~~~
+
+### The future
+
+N4428 is the fourth in a series of revisions: [N3815][n3815], [N4027][n4027],
+[N4113][n4113], N4428. If there are more revisions that change the proposal for
+enums, I will try to implement those as well.
+
+[n4428]: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4428.pdf
+[n4113]: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2014/n4113.pdf
+[n4027]: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2014/n4027.pdf
+[n3815]: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3815.html
+[slow-enum]: ${prefix}OptInFeatures.html#CompileTimeNameTrimming
+[header]: https://github.com/aantron/better-enums/blob/$ref/extra/better-enums/n4428.h
+[live]: http://melpon.org/wandbox/permlink/QelcwZNLi4gIx8Ux
+
+%% description = Approximate implementation of N4428 enum reflection based on
+Better Enums.

doc/docs.py

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import string
 import transform
 import os
 import os.path
+import sys
+import urllib
 
 TEMPLATE_DIRECTORY = "template"
 OUTPUT_DIRECTORY   = "html"
@@ -83,15 +85,24 @@ def compose_page(relative_path, definitions):
     definitions["canonical"] = canonical
     definitions["prefix"] = prefix
 
+    definitions["quoted_url"] = urllib.quote(definitions["canonical"], "")
+    definitions["quoted_title"] = urllib.quote(definitions["title"], "")
+
     if "class" not in definitions:
         definitions["class"] = ""
 
     text = templates["page"]
-    text = scrub_comments(text)
 
-    while '$' in text:
-        text = apply_template(text, definitions)
-        text = scrub_comments(text)
+    while True:
+        new_text = scrub_comments(text)
+        new_text = re.sub("\$\$", "$$$$", new_text)
+        new_text = apply_template(new_text, definitions)
+
+        if new_text == text:
+            text = apply_template(new_text, definitions)
+            break
+
+        text = new_text
 
     text = "<!-- Generated automatically - edit the templates! -->\n\n" + text
 
@@ -129,7 +140,9 @@ def compose_general_page(relative_path):
     write_page(relative_path, text)
 
 def list_general_pages():
-    return glob.glob("*.md")
+    return filter(
+        lambda s: not os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(s))[0].isupper(),
+        glob.glob("*.md"))
 
 def process_threaded(directory):
     sources = glob.glob(os.path.join(directory, "*.md"))
@@ -143,7 +156,7 @@ def process_threaded(directory):
 
         source_file = \
           os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(file))[0] + "." + CXX_EXTENSION
-        source_link = "$repo/blob/$version/example/" + source_file
+        source_link = "$repo/blob/$ref/example/" + source_file
 
         definitions[directory + "_body"] = definitions["body"]
         definitions["body"] = templates[directory]
@@ -183,6 +196,10 @@ def generate_sitemap():
     for url in generated:
         text += "  <url>\n"
         text += "    <loc>%s</loc>\n" % url
+
+        if ".html" not in url:
+            text += "    <priority>1.0</priority>\n"
+
         text += "  </url>\n"
 
     text += "</urlset>\n"
@@ -192,6 +209,9 @@ def generate_sitemap():
 def main():
     load_templates()
 
+    if not (len(sys.argv) >= 2 and sys.argv[1] == "--web"):
+        templates["ga"] = ""
+
     remove_output_directory()
 
     process_threaded(TUTORIAL_DIRECTORY)

doc/index.md

@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-Better Enums is a single header file that causes your compiler to generate
-*reflective* enum types. This makes it easy to translate between enums and
-strings, and much more.
-
-Here's how to use a Better Enum:
-
 <div class="splash">
   <pre class="left">enable
 
@@ -11,7 +5,7 @@ declare
 
 
 parse
-print
+format
 
 
 count
@@ -19,6 +13,7 @@ iterate
 
 
 
+
 switch
 
 
@@ -29,22 +24,25 @@ switch
 safe cast
 
 
-at compile time</pre>
-  <pre class="right"><em>#include</em> &lt;<em>enum.h</em>&gt;
+during
+compilation
+</pre>
+  <pre class="right"><em>#include &lt;enum.h&gt;</em>
 
-<em>ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Red</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>Green</em>, <em>Blue</em>)
+<em>BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 1, Green, Blue)</em>
 
 
 Channel     c = <em>Channel::_from_string("Red")</em>;
 const char  *s = <em>c._to_string()</em>;
 
 
-size_t      n = <em>Channel::_size</em>;
-<em>for</em> (<em>Channel c</em> : <em>Channel::_values()</em>)
-    run_some_function(<em>c</em>);
+size_t      n = <em>Channel::_size()</em>;
+<em>for (Channel c : Channel::_values())</em> {
+    run_some_function(c);
+}
 
 
-<em>switch</em> (<em>c</em>) {
+<em>switch (c)</em> {
     <em>case Channel::Red</em>:    // ...
     <em>case Channel::Green</em>:  // ...
     <em>case Channel::Blue</em>:   // ...
@@ -54,32 +52,57 @@ size_t      n = <em>Channel::_size</em>;
 Channel     c = <em>Channel::_from_integral(3)</em>;
 
 
-<em>constexpr</em> Channel c = <em>Channel::_from_string("Blue")</em>;</pre>
+<em>constexpr</em> Channel c =
+    <em>Channel::_from_string("Blue")</em>;</pre>
 </div>
 
-### What do you get?
+<p class="splash-text">
+  $be is a single, lightweight header file that makes your compiler generate
+  <em>reflective</em> enum types.
+</p>
+
+That means you can easily convert enums to and from strings,
+validate them, and loop over them. In $cxx11, you can do it all at
+compile time.
+
+It's what built-in enums ought to support. Better Enums simply adds the missing
+features. And, it is based on the best known techniques, thoroughly tested,
+fast, portable, and documented exhaustively.
+
+To use it, just include <code>enum.h</code> and begin the
+[tutorial](${prefix}tutorial/HelloWorld.html)!
+
+<div class="hack"></div>
+
+### Highlights
 
 <ul class="blurbs">
-  <li class="even">
-    <strong>Uniform interface for $cxx98 and $cxx11</strong>
-    <em>Scoped, sized, reflective enums for $cxx98.</em>
-  </li>
-  <li>
-    <strong>Compile-time reflection</strong>
+  <li class="zero-mod-two zero-mod-three">
+    <strong>Unobtrusive syntax</strong>
     <em>
-      Have the compiler do additional enum processing using your own
-      templates or <code>constexpr</code> functions.
+      No ugly macros. Use initializers as with built-in <code>enums</code>.
+      Internal members have underscores to avoid clashing with your constant
+      names.
     </em>
   </li>
 
-  <li class="even">
-    <strong>Non-contiguous sequences</strong>
+  <li class="one-mod-two one-mod-three">
+    <strong>No external dependencies</strong>
     <em>
-      Iteration and count much easier to maintain than with an extra "count"
-      constant and making assumptions.
+      Uses only standard $cxx. Installation is simple &mdash; just download
+      <code>enum.h</code>. There are no objects or libraries to link with.
     </em>
   </li>
-  <li>
+
+  <li class="zero-mod-two two-mod-three">
+    <strong>No generator program needed</strong>
+    <em>
+      Just include <code>enum.h</code>. It's a metaprogram executed by your
+      compiler.
+    </em>
+  </li>
+
+  <li class="one-mod-two zero-mod-three">
     <strong>Plays nice with <code>switch</code></strong>
     <em>
       Use a Better Enum like a built-in <code>enum</code>, and still have the
@@ -87,15 +110,7 @@ Channel     c = <em>Channel::_from_integral(3)</em>;
     </em>
   </li>
 
-  <li class="even">
-    <strong>Unobtrusive syntax</strong>
-    <em>
-      No ugly macros. Use initializers just like with built-in
-      <code>enums</code>. Generated members have underscores to avoid conflicts
-      with your constant names.
-    </em>
-  </li>
-  <li>
+  <li class="zero-mod-two one-mod-three">
     <strong>Don't repeat yourself</strong>
     <em>
       No more unmaintanable maps or <code>switch</code> statements for
@@ -103,29 +118,48 @@ Channel     c = <em>Channel::_from_integral(3)</em>;
     </em>
   </li>
 
-  <li class="even">
-    <strong>No build-time generator needed</strong>
+  <li class="one-mod-two two-mod-three">
+    <strong>Non-contiguous sequences</strong>
     <em>
-      Just include <code>enum.h</code>. It's a metaprogram executed by your
-      compiler.
-    </em>
-  </li>
-  <li>
-    <strong>Fast compilation</strong>
-    <em>
-      Much less impact on build time than even just including
-      <code>iostream</code>.
+      Iteration and counting are much easier to maintain than with an extra
+      <code>Count</code> constant and assuming a dense range.
     </em>
   </li>
 
-  <li class="even">
-    <strong>No external dependencies</strong>
+  <li class="zero-mod-two zero-mod-three">
+    <strong>Fast compilation</strong>
     <em>
-      Uses standard $cxx and supported on major compilers. Installation is
-      simple &mdash; just download <code>enum.h</code>.
+      Much less impact on build time than even just including
+      <code>iostream</code>. <code>enum.h</code> is only slightly more than 1000
+      lines long.
     </em>
   </li>
-  <li>
+
+  <li class="one-mod-two one-mod-three">
+    <strong>Compile-time reflection</strong>
+    <em>
+      Have the compiler do additional enum processing using your own
+      templates or <code>constexpr</code> functions.
+    </em>
+  </li>
+
+  <li class="zero-mod-two two-mod-three">
+    <strong>Uniform interface for $cxx98, $cxx11</strong>
+    <em>
+      Scoped, sized, reflective enums for $cxx98, and an easy upgrade
+      path.
+    </em>
+  </li>
+
+  <li class="one-mod-two zero-mod-three">
+    <strong>Stream operators</strong>
+    <em>
+      Write enum names directly to <code>std::cout</code> or use
+      <code>boost::lexical_cast</code>.
+    </em>
+  </li>
+
+  <li class="zero-mod-two one-mod-three">
     <strong>Free and open source</strong>
     <em>
       Released under the BSD license for use in any project, free or commercial.
@@ -135,40 +169,18 @@ Channel     c = <em>Channel::_from_integral(3)</em>;
 
 <div class="hack"></div>
 
-### It's what built-in enums ought to do.
-
-The library notionally <em>extends</em> $cxx, adding oft-needed features.
-
-<ul class="blurbs act">
-  <li class="even">
-    <strong>Download <a $download><code>enum.h</code></a></strong>
-    <em>
-      Current version: $version<br />
-      To install, just add the file to your project.
-    </em>
-  </li>
-  <li>
-    <strong>Visit on <a href="$repo">GitHub</a></strong>
-    <em>
-      Follow development, report issues, and let me know if you find this
-      library useful!
-    </em>
-  </li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="hack"></div>
-
-### Resources
+### Documentation
 
 <ul class="blurbs resources">
-  <li class="even">
+  <li class="zero-mod-two zero-mod-three">
     <a id="Tutorial"></a>
     <strong>Tutorial</strong>
     <ol>
       $tutorial_toc
     </ol>
   </li>
-  <li>
+
+  <li class="one-mod-two one-mod-three">
     <strong>Reference</strong>
     <ul>
       <li><a href="${prefix}ApiReference.html">API reference</a></li>
@@ -176,12 +188,20 @@ The library notionally <em>extends</em> $cxx, adding oft-needed features.
       <li><a href="${prefix}OptInFeatures.html">Opt-in features</a></li>
       <li><a href="${prefix}ExtendingLimits.html">Extending limits</a></li>
       <li><a href="${prefix}Performance.html">Performance</a></li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="${prefix}DesignDecisionsFAQ.html">Design decisions FAQ</a>
+      </li>
+      <li>
+        <a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1002895/Clean-Reflective-Enums-Enum-to-String-with-Nice-Sy">
+          Implementation <span class="external">[CodeProject]</span>
+        </a>
+      </li>
     </ul>
   </li>
 
-  <li class="even">
+  <li class="zero-mod-two two-mod-three">
     <a id="CompileTimeDemos"></a>
-    <strong>Compile-time demos</strong>
+    <strong>Advanced</strong>
     <ul>
       $demo_toc
     </ul>
@@ -192,8 +212,8 @@ The library notionally <em>extends</em> $cxx, adding oft-needed features.
 
 %% title = Clean reflective enums for C++
 
-%% description = Reflective enums for C++ with clean syntax, in a header-only
-library. Can be converted to strings, iterated, counted, and used for
-metaprogramming. Free under the BSD license.
+%% description = Reflective enums in a single header file, with clean syntax.
+The enums can be converted to string, iterated, and counted, at run time or
+as part of metaprogramming. Free and open source under the BSD license.
 
 %% class = index

doc/sitemap.xml

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
-  <url>
-    <loc>http://aantron.github.io/better-enums</loc>
-    <priority>1.0</priority>
-  </url>
-  <url>
-    <loc>http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/api.html</loc>
-  </url>
-</urlset>

doc/template/cxx14.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<span class="cpp">C++</span><span class="eleven">14</span>

doc/template/cxx17.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<span class="cpp">C++</span><span class="eleven">17</span>

doc/template/demo.tmpl

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <p>
-  This page is an advanced demo showing the kind of compile-time code you can
-  write on top of Better Enums. You can <a href="$source">download</a> it and
-  try it out.
+  This is an example of code you can write on top of Better Enums. It's a valid
+  program &mdash; you can <a href="$source">download</a> it and try it out. The
+  program is also part of the test suite.
 </p>
 
 $demo_body

doc/template/download.tmpl

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aantron/better-enums/$version/enum.h"
+href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aantron/better-enums/$ref/enum.h"
 download

doc/template/footer.tmpl

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 
 <footer>
   <div class="container">
-    Copyright &copy; 2015 Anton Bachin. Released under the BSD 2-clause license.
-    See <a href="https://github.com/aantron/better-enums/blob/master/LICENSE">
+    Copyright &copy; 2015-2024 Anton Bachin. Released under the BSD 2-clause
+    license. See
+    <a href="https://github.com/aantron/better-enums/blob/$ref/doc/LICENSE">
     LICENSE</a>.
     <br />
     This page is part of the documentation for Better Enums $version.

doc/template/ga.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<script>
+  (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
+  (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
+  m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
+  })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
+
+  ga('create', 'UA-62962513-1', 'auto');
+  ga('send', 'pageview');
+
+</script>

doc/template/ghfork.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=aantron&repo=better-enums&type=fork&count=true" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="170px" height="20px" class="gh-button"></iframe>

doc/template/ghstar.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=aantron&repo=better-enums&type=star&count=true" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" width="170px" height="20px" class="gh-button"></iframe>

doc/template/ghwatch.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=aantron&repo=better-enums&type=watch&count=true&v=2" frameborder="0" scrolling="0" height="20px" class="gh-watch gh-button"></iframe>

doc/template/header.tmpl

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 <link rel="stylesheet" href="${prefix}better-enums.css" />
 
+$ga
+
 </head>
 <body class="$class">
 
@@ -23,7 +25,6 @@
     <a href="${prefix}index.html">Home</a>
     <a href="${prefix}tutorial/HelloWorld.html">Tutorial</a>
     <a href="${prefix}ApiReference.html">Reference</a>
-    <a href="${prefix}Contact.html">Contact</a>
   </div>
 </nav>
 
@@ -31,11 +32,24 @@
 
 <header>
   <div class="container">
-    <div class="back">{}</div>
+    <section>
+      <h1><a href="${prefix}index.html">Better Enums</a></h1>
+      <h2>Reflective compile-time enums for $cxx</h2>
+      <h3>Open-source under the BSD license</h3>
+    </section>
 
-    <h1><a href="${prefix}index.html">Better Enums</a></h1>
-    <h2>Reflective compile-time enums for $cxx</h2>
-    <h3>Open-source under the BSD license</h3>
+    <section class="notes">
+      <p>Version $version</p>
+      <p>To install, just add <code>enum.h</code> to your project.</p>
+      <p>
+        Visit the GitHub repo for issues, feedback, and the latest development.
+      </p>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="buttons">
+      <a $download>Download <code>enum.h</code></a>
+      <a href="$repo">GitHub</a>
+    </section>
   </div>
 </header>
 

doc/template/ref.tmpl

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0.11.3

doc/template/tutorial.tmpl

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <p>
   Welcome to the Better Enums tutorials! The code in this tutorial forms a
-  valid program, which you can <a href="$source">download</a> and play with.
+  valid program, which you can <a href="$source">download</a> and play with. The
+  program runs as part of the automated test suite.
 </p>
 
 $tutorial_body

doc/template/version.tmpl

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.9.0
+0.11.3

doc/transform.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def camel_case(text):
     components = re.split("[ -]+", text)
     components = map(lambda s: s.capitalize(), components)
     result = "".join(components)
-    result = filter(lambda c: c not in ",!:-$()", result)
+    result = filter(lambda c: c not in ",!:-$()?", result)
     return result
 
 class HtmlRenderer(mistune.Renderer):

doc/tutorial/1-hello-world.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 ## Hello, World!
 
-Download <a $download><code>enum.h</code></a>, then build this program with it:
+Download <a $download><code>enum.h</code></a>, then compile this program:
 
     #include <iostream>
     <em>#include "enum.h"</em>
 
-    <em>ENUM</em>(<em>Word</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Hello</em>, <em>World</em>)
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Word</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Hello</em>, <em>World</em>)
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -20,4 +20,5 @@ Run it, and you should see the output "Hello, World!"
 
 Congratulations, you have just created your first Better Enum!
 
-%% description = Introductory Better Enums tutorial.
+%% description = Introductory Better Enums tutorial - a simple, but complete,
+Hello World program.

doc/tutorial/2-conversions.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Let's begin by including `enum.h` and declaring our enum:
 
     <em>#include <enum.h></em>
 
-    <em>ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Cyan</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>Magenta</em>, <em>Yellow</em>, <em>Black</em>)
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Cyan</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>Magenta</em>, <em>Yellow</em>, <em>Black</em>)
 
 We now have an `int`-sized enum with four constants.
 
@@ -149,4 +149,6 @@ reference has a
         return 0;
     }
 
-%% description = Walkthrough of Better Enums conversion functions.
+%% description = Better Enums conversion functions. Converting to string, from
+string, to int, from int, and validation, both case-sensitive and
+case-insensitive. Exception-throwing and non-throwing variants presented.

doc/tutorial/3-iterate.md

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ example, this:
     #include <iostream>
     #include <enum.h>
 
-    <em>ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green = 2, Blue)</em>
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green = 2, Blue)</em>
 
     int main()
     {
 
-        <em>for</em> (<em>size_t index = 0</em>; <em>index < Channel::_size</em>; <em>++index</em>) {
+        <em>for</em> (<em>size_t index = 0</em>; <em>index < Channel::_size()</em>; <em>++index</em>) {
             Channel     channel = <em>Channel::_values()[index]</em>;
             std::cout << channel._to_integral() << " ";
         }
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ example, this:
 
 will print "0 2 3". And this:
 
-        <em>for</em> (<em>size_t index = 0</em>; <em>index < Channel::_size</em>; <em>++index</em>) {
+        <em>for</em> (<em>size_t index = 0</em>; <em>index < Channel::_size()</em>; <em>++index</em>) {
             const char  *name = <em>Channel::_names()[index]</em>;
             std::cout << name << " ";
         }
@@ -46,4 +46,5 @@ If you are using $cxx11, you can have much nicer syntax:
         return 0;
     }
 
-%% description = Iterating over all Better Enums constants.
+%% description = Using Better Enums to iterate over all the constants of an
+enum, as well as over its names. Also shows the same with C++11 for-each syntax.

doc/tutorial/4-switch.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ A Better Enum can be used directly in a `switch` statement:
     #include <iostream>
     <em>#include <enum.h></em>
 
-    <em>ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)</em>
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)</em>
 
     int main()
     {
@@ -21,10 +21,16 @@ A Better Enum can be used directly in a `switch` statement:
 If you miss a case or add a redundant one, your compiler should be able to give
 you a warning &mdash; try it!
 
+Note that on msvc, you may need to enable [warning C4062][C4062].
+
+[C4062]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-4-c4062
+
 ---
 
         std::cout << n << std::endl;
         return 0;
     }
 
-%% description = Usage in switch statements.
+%% description = Better Enums can be used directly in switch statements like
+normal enums, making it possible for the compiler to check that all cases are
+listed, increasing the safety of your code.

doc/tutorial/5-map.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+## Maps
+
+It is possible to create `constexpr` bidirectional maps between Better Enums and
+any type. This is currently an experimental feature. Feedback is very much
+wanted, but please don't build any mission-critical code on top of this :)
+
+The way it works is you give Better Enums a function — say,
+`const char* describe(Channel)`. The library enumerates it to make a map.
+
+The reason for using a function is that a `switch` statement is, I believe, the
+only place where a compiler will check for exhaustiveness. If you forget to
+create a case for one of the enum's constants, the compiler can let you know.
+Obviously, a `switch` statement is not data, and needs to be inside a function.
+It can only be inside a `constexpr` function in $cxx14, so this feature is most
+natural in $cxx14. When you pass the function to Better Enums, the library can
+build up a lookup data structure at compile time.
+
+Actually, right now, Better Enums doesn't quite do that — it enumerates
+the function *every* time you want to convert to an enum (but not *from* an
+enum). It simply does a linear scan every time. This is because I haven't yet
+found a data structure whose compile-time generation is fast enough for
+practical use.
+
+---
+
+    #include <iostream>
+    <em>#include</em> <<em>enum.h</em>>
+
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Red</em>, <em>Green</em>, <em>Blue</em>)
+
+We will create a map from this function:
+
+    constexpr <em>const char* describe</em>(<em>Channel channel</em>)
+    {
+        switch(<em>channel</em>) {
+            case <em>Channel::Red</em>:   return <em>"the red channel"</em>;
+            case <em>Channel::Green</em>: return <em>"the green channel"</em>;
+            case <em>Channel::Blue</em>:  return <em>"the blue channel"</em>;
+        }
+
+        return "needed for gcc 5";
+    }
+
+Here is the map. The actual type is `better_enums::map<Channel, const char*>`.
+
+    constexpr auto <em>descriptions</em> = <em>better_enums::make_map</em>(<em>describe</em>);
+
+And the usage:
+
+    int main()
+    {
+        std::cout << <em>descriptions[Channel::Red]</em> << std::endl;
+
+        std::cout << <em>descriptions</em>.<em>from_enum</em>(<em>Channel::Red</em>) << std::endl;
+        std::cout << <em>descriptions</em>.<em>to_enum</em>(<em>"the green channel"</em>) << std::endl;
+
+        auto <em>not_a_literal</em> = <em>std::string</em>(<em>"the blue channel"</em>);
+        std::cout << <em>descriptions</em>.<em>to_enum</em>(<em>not_a_literal</em>.<em>c_str()</em>) << std::endl;
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+---
+
+`make_map` above produces a value of type `better_enums::map<E, T>`. The full
+signature of the template `better_enums::map` is
+
+~~~comment
+<em>template <typename Enum, typename T, typename Compare = map_compare<T>></em>
+~~~
+
+`Compare` has to be a class with a static member function
+`bool less(const T&, const T&)`. The default implementation
+`better_enums::map_compare` simply applies `operator <`, except when `T` is
+`const char*` or `const wchar_t*`. In that case, it does lexicographic comparison.
+
+%% description = Mapping enums to arbitrary types and vice versa.

doc/tutorial/6-iostreams.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+## Stream operators
+
+These work *almost* as you'd expect. First, make sure you include `iostream`
+before `enum.h` in any translation unit in which you intend to use the
+operators:
+
+    #include <iostream>
+    #include <enum.h>
+
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)</em>
+
+    int main()
+    {
+        std::cout << <em>+Channel::Red</em> << std::endl;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+The thing to watch for is the `+`: without it, `Channel::Red` is a value of type
+`Channel::_enumerated`, a $cxx98 enum type, so writing that to `cout` will
+output an integer. `+Channel::Red`, however, is a value of type `Channel`, and
+writing *that* instead will output the string `"Red"`.
+
+Input is also supported:
+
+~~~comment
+Channel     channel = Channel::Blue;
+std::cin >> channel;    // Expects input such as "Green".
+~~~
+
+---
+
+Only `char` streams are supported for the time being.
+
+%% description = Using Better Enums with stream input and output operators.

doc/tutorial/7-safety.md

@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@
 This tutorial shows some of the safety features of Better Enums: scope, how to
 control conversions, and the lack of a default constructor.
 
+On balance, Better Enums are in one way less type-safe than enum class, and in
+another way more type-safe. The first difference in safety is the presence of
+implicit conversion to integral types. The second difference is the lack of a
+default constructor. Both of these can be toggled, so you can make Better Enums
+strictly safer than enum class, or just as safe.
+
 $internal_toc
 
 ### Scope
@@ -12,7 +18,7 @@ You have probably noticed by now that Better Enums are scoped: when you declare
     #include <cassert>
     <em>#include <enum.h></em>
 
-    <em>ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Red</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>Green</em>, <em>Blue</em>)
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Red</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>Green</em>, <em>Blue</em>)
 
 you don't get names such as `Red` in the global namespace. Instead, you get
 `Channel`, and `Red` is accessible as `Channel::Red`. This is no big deal in
@@ -20,7 +26,7 @@ $cxx11, which has `enum class`. In $cxx98, however, this typically requires
 effort. Better Enums brings scope uniformly to both variants. So, despite the
 above declaration, you can safely declare
 
-    <em>ENUM</em>(<em>Node</em>, <em>char</em>, <em>Red</em>, <em>Black</em>)
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Node</em>, <em>char</em>, <em>Red</em>, <em>Black</em>)
 
 and everything will work as expected.
 
@@ -47,33 +53,27 @@ will not compile:
 The reason this is not enabled by default is explained in the reference page on
 [strict conversions](${prefix}OptInFeatures.html#StrictConversions).
 
+You can conveniently define the macro on your compiler's command line, or by
+creating a little header file that defines it, and then includes
+<code>enum.h</code>. You can then include this new header file in your project
+everywhere where you would have included <code>enum.h</code>.
+
 ### Default constructor
 
-Better Enums don't have a default constructor, for three reasons.
-
-  - Better Enums is a library that can't know what your application would like
-    the default value to be for each enum, or whether you even want one.
-  - I chose not to leave the default value undefined, because the idea is to
-    encourage the convention that whenever a Better Enum exists, it has a valid
-    value. This is borrowed from typed functional programming.
-  - Better Enums is still under development, and this option is the most
-    future-proof.
-
-So, if you uncomment this code, the file won't compile:
+Better Enums generate without a default constructor. The purpose is to support
+the convention where if a Better Enum exists, then it has a valid value. So, if
+you uncomment this code, the program won't compile:
 
 ~~~comment
     Channel      channel;
 ~~~
 
-This may be too strict, and I may relax it in the future. In the meantime, the
-solution sketched in the [special values demo](${prefix}demo/SpecialValues.html)
-can replace default constructors for some purposes, and in a more flexible way.
-I may eventually have the default constructor calling a template function like
-the one in that demo.
+If this is too strict for your project, you can relax it as described
+[here](${prefix}OptInFeatures.html#DefaultConstructors).
 
 ---
 
         return 0;
     }
 
-%% description = Type safety features and limitations.
+%% description = Better Enums type safety features and limitations.

doc/tutorial/8-representation.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ will declare a more unusual enum than the ones we have seen.
     #include <iostream>
     <em>#include <enum.h></em>
 
-    <em>ENUM</em>(<em>ContentType</em>, <em>short</em>,
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>ContentType</em>, <em>short</em>,
          <em>CompressedVideo</em> = <em>5</em>, <em>PCM</em> = <em>8</em>, <em>Subtitles</em> = <em>17</em>, <em>Comment</em> = <em>44</em>)
 
 This is for a hypothetical multimedia container file format. Perhaps the files
@@ -80,4 +80,5 @@ types containg enums. The enums will behave as expected.
       compatible with $cxx98, where those names aren't available in a portable
       manner.
 
-%% description = Underlying representation.
+%% description = The underlying memory representation of a Better Enum,
+including size and alignment.

doc/tutorial/9-constexpr.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ get an idea of what can be done. Here, you will see the basics.
 
     <em>#include <enum.h></em>
 
-    <em>ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Red</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>Green</em> = <em>2</em>, <em>Blue</em> = <em>3</em>)
+    <em>BETTER_ENUM</em>(<em>Channel</em>, <em>int</em>, <em>Red</em> = <em>1</em>, <em>Green</em> = <em>2</em>, <em>Blue</em> = <em>3</em>)
 
     <em>constexpr</em> Channel      channel = <em>Channel::_from_integral(2)</em>;
     <em>constexpr</em> int          value = <em>channel._to_integral()</em>;
@@ -48,4 +48,5 @@ You can also do things such as:
 Which prints "5", the length of "Green". That 5 was also computed during
 compilation.
 
-%% description = Introduction to compile-time conversions.
+%% description = Better Enums can be used entirely at compile time in C++11. All
+conversion functions are available for constexpr functions or templates.

example/1-hello-world.cc

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 // Hello, World!
 //
-// Download enum.h, then build this program with it:
+// Download enum.h, then compile this program:
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include "enum.h"
 
-ENUM(Word, int, Hello, World)
+BETTER_ENUM(Word, int, Hello, World)
 
 int main()
 {

example/101-special-values.cc

@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ constexpr Enum invalid_impl<Enum>() { return Enum::Value; }
 
 // Now, we can declare enums like these:
 
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue, Invalid)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue, Invalid)
 // Invalid is the invalid value by default
 
-ENUM(Compression, int, Undefined, None, Huffman)
+BETTER_ENUM(Compression, int, Undefined, None, Huffman)
 OVERRIDE_INVALID(Compression, Undefined)
 
 // and use them:
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ template <typename Enum>
 constexpr Enum default_impl()
 {
     return
-        Enum::_size < 2 ?
+        Enum::_size() < 2 ?
             throw std::logic_error("enum has no valid constants") :
         Enum::_values()[0] == invalid_impl<Enum>() ?
             Enum::_values()[1] :
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ static_assert(default_impl<Compression>() == +Compression::None, "");
 
 // And, if you do
 
-ENUM(Answer, int, Yes, No, Invalid)
+BETTER_ENUM(Answer, int, Yes, No, Invalid)
 // OVERRIDE_DEFAULT(Answer, Invalid)
 
 // you will get a helpful compile-time error saying Answer: default cannot equal

example/103-bitset.cc

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ template <typename Enum>
 constexpr Enum max_loop(Enum accumulator, size_t index)
 {
     return
-        index >= Enum::_size ? accumulator :
+        index >= Enum::_size() ? accumulator :
         Enum::_values()[index] > accumulator ?
             max_loop<Enum>(Enum::_values()[index], index + 1) :
             max_loop<Enum>(accumulator, index + 1);
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ using EnumSet = std::bitset<max<Enum>()._to_integral() + 1>;
 // declared. We just declare enums, and the numeric values of their constants
 // will be bit indices. The rest is straightforward.
 
-ENUM(EFLAGS, int,
-     Carry, Parity = 2, Adjust = 4, Zero, Sign, Trap, Interrupt, Direction,
-     Overflow, NestedTask = 14, Resume = 16, V8086, AlignmentCheck,
-     CPUIDPresent = 21)
+BETTER_ENUM(EFLAGS, int,
+            Carry, Parity = 2, Adjust = 4, Zero, Sign, Trap, Interrupt, Direction,
+            Overflow, NestedTask = 14, Resume = 16, V8086, AlignmentCheck,
+            CPUIDPresent = 21)
 
 int main()
 {

example/104-quine.cc

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 // Ok, so it's not really a quine, because we won't be writing all the code
 // needed to generate the definition to the buffer as well. And, there are
 // better ways to dump the definition than shown here. You could simply define a
-// macro that expands to an ENUM declaration and also stringizes it.
+// macro that expands to an BETTER_ENUM declaration and also stringizes it.
 //
 // But that's not the point here. The point of this page is to show some of the
 // reflective capabilities of Better Enums, so you can adapt them for cases
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 
 // Now, let's declare some enums to dump later:
 
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)
-ENUM(Depth, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)
+BETTER_ENUM(Depth, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)
 
 
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ template <typename Enum>
 constexpr size_t constants_length(size_t index = 0, size_t accumulator = 0)
 {
     return
-        index >= Enum::_size ? accumulator :
+        index >= Enum::_size() ? accumulator :
         constants_length<Enum>(
             index + 1, accumulator
                         + string_length(", ")
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ template <typename Enum>
 constexpr size_t declaration_length()
 {
     return
-        string_length("ENUM(")
+        string_length("BETTER_ENUM(")
         + string_length(Enum::_name())
         + string_length(", int")
         + constants_length<Enum>()
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ size_t format(char *buffer)
 {
     size_t  offset = 0;
 
-    offset += std::sprintf(buffer, "ENUM(%s, int", Enum::_name());
+    offset += std::sprintf(buffer, "BETTER_ENUM(%s, int", Enum::_name());
 
     for (Enum value : Enum::_values()) {
         offset +=
@@ -163,5 +163,5 @@ int main()
 
 // It prints:
 //
-// ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 0, Green = 1, Blue = 2)
-// ENUM(Depth, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)
+// BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 0, Green = 1, Blue = 2)
+// BETTER_ENUM(Depth, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)

example/105-c++17-reflection.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// This file was generated automatically.
+
+// C++17 reflection proposal
+//
+// You can try this demo live online.
+//
+// Better Enums can be used to implement the enums portion of the C++17
+// reflection proposal N4428 in C++11. N4428 proposes the following traits
+// interface:
+//
+// namespace std {
+//
+// template <typename E>
+// struct enum_traits {
+//     struct enumerators {
+//         constexpr static size_t         size;
+//
+//         template <size_t I>
+//         struct get {
+//             constexpr string_literal    identifier;
+//             constexpr static E          value;
+//         };
+//     };
+// };
+//
+// }
+//
+// So, the basic usage would be:
+//
+// enum class Foo {A, B, C};
+//
+// constexpr size_t            size =
+//     std::enum_traits<Foo>::enumerators::size;
+//
+// constexpr Foo               value_0 =
+//     std::enum_traits<Foo>::enumerators::get<0>::value;
+//
+// constexpr string_literal    name_1 =
+//     std::enum_traits<Foo>::enumerators::get<1>::identifier;
+//
+// Resulting in the values 3, Foo::A, and "B", respectively.
+
+// The interface is implemented in the optional header file
+// extra/better-enums/n4428.h. There is a necessary difference: the interface is
+// only available for enums declared through the BETTER_ENUM macro. This is
+// because the macro is what generates the information necessary for reflection.
+//
+// Demo
+//
+// So, with that out of the way, we can do a little test. Let's assume that
+// extra/ has been added as a directory to search for include files.
+
+#ifndef BETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
+#define BETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
+#endif
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <enum.h>
+#include <better-enums/n4428.h>
+
+
+// Let's declare an enum:
+
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, char, Red = 1, Green, Blue)
+
+// ...and try N4428:
+
+constexpr std::size_t   size =
+    std::enum_traits<Channel>::enumerators::size;
+
+constexpr Channel       value_0 =
+    std::enum_traits<Channel>::enumerators::get<0>::value;
+
+constexpr Channel       value_1 =
+    std::enum_traits<Channel>::enumerators::get<1>::value;
+
+constexpr const char    *identifier_2 =
+    std::enum_traits<Channel>::enumerators::get<2>::identifier;
+
+// ...and check the results:
+
+static_assert(size == 3, "");
+
+static_assert(value_0 == +Channel::Red, "");
+static_assert(value_1 == +Channel::Green, "");
+
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout << identifier_2 << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// That prints Blue, as you would expect.
+//
+// Quirk
+//
+// The reason for the #define in the code above is that there is one quirk: the
+// interface above is available only for Better Enums for which compile-time
+// name trimming is enabled - those declared when
+// BETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING was defined, or declared with the SLOW_ENUM
+// variant of BETTER_ENUM. As mentioned on the linked page, the reason
+// compile-time name trimming is not the default is that, while still pretty
+// fast, it is four times slower than program-startup-time name trimming. The
+// latter is the default.
+//
+// Despite the above, a variation on the interface is available for enums
+// without compile-time name trimming:
+//
+// namespace std {
+//
+// template <typename E>
+// struct enum_traits {
+//     struct enumerators {
+//         constexpr static size_t         size;
+//
+//         template <size_t I>
+//         struct get {
+//             constexpr const char        *identifier;
+//             constexpr static E          value;
+//         };
+//
+//         // For enums without compile-time name trimming.
+//         template <size_t I>
+//         struct get_alt {
+//             static const char* identifier();
+//             constexpr static E          value;
+//         };
+//     };
+// };
+//
+// }
+//
+// As you can see, the difference is that identifier is a non-constexpr
+// function, and you have to access it through get_alt<I>.
+//
+// // Without compile-time name trimming.
+// BETTER_ENUM(Depth, int, HighColor, TrueColor)
+//
+// int main()
+// {
+//     std::cout
+//         << std::enum_traits<Depth>::enumerators::get_alt<1>::identifier()
+//         << std::endl;
+//
+//     return 0;
+// }
+//
+// The future
+//
+// N4428 is the fourth in a series of revisions: N3815, N4027, N4113, N4428. If
+// there are more revisions that change the proposal for enums, I will try to
+// implement those as well.

example/2-conversions.cc

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 #include <enum.h>
 
-ENUM(Channel, int, Cyan = 1, Magenta, Yellow, Black)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Cyan = 1, Magenta, Yellow, Black)
 
 // We now have an int-sized enum with four constants.
 //

example/3-iterate.cc

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <enum.h>
 
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green = 2, Blue)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green = 2, Blue)
 
 int main()
 {
 
-    for (size_t index = 0; index < Channel::_size; ++index) {
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < Channel::_size(); ++index) {
         Channel     channel = Channel::_values()[index];
         std::cout << channel._to_integral() << " ";
     }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ int main()
 
 // will print "0 2 3". And this:
 
-    for (size_t index = 0; index < Channel::_size; ++index) {
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < Channel::_size(); ++index) {
         const char  *name = Channel::_names()[index];
         std::cout << name << " ";
     }

example/4-switch.cc

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <enum.h>
 
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)
 
 int main()
 {
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ int main()
 
 // If you miss a case or add a redundant one, your compiler should be able to
 // give you a warning - try it!
+//
+// Note that on msvc, you may need to enable warning C4062.
 
 
     std::cout << n << std::endl;

example/5-map.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// This file was generated automatically.
+
+// Maps
+//
+// It is possible to create constexpr bidirectional maps between Better Enums
+// and any type. This is currently an experimental feature. Feedback is very
+// much wanted, but please don't build any mission-critical code on top of this
+// :)
+//
+// The way it works is you give Better Enums a function - say, const char*
+// describe(Channel). The library enumerates it to make a map.
+//
+// The reason for using a function is that a switch statement is, I believe, the
+// only place where a compiler will check for exhaustiveness. If you forget to
+// create a case for one of the enum's constants, the compiler can let you know.
+// Obviously, a switch statement is not data, and needs to be inside a function.
+// It can only be inside a constexpr function in C++14, so this feature is most
+// natural in C++14. When you pass the function to Better Enums, the library can
+// build up a lookup data structure at compile time.
+//
+// Actually, right now, Better Enums doesn't quite do that - it enumerates the
+// function every time you want to convert to an enum (but not from an enum). It
+// simply does a linear scan every time. This is because I haven't yet found a
+// data structure whose compile-time generation is fast enough for practical
+// use.
+
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <enum.h>
+
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)
+
+// We will create a map from this function:
+
+constexpr const char* describe(Channel channel)
+{
+    switch(channel) {
+        case Channel::Red:   return "the red channel";
+        case Channel::Green: return "the green channel";
+        case Channel::Blue:  return "the blue channel";
+    }
+
+    return "needed for gcc 5";
+}
+
+// Here is the map. The actual type is better_enums::map<Channel, const char*>.
+
+constexpr auto descriptions = better_enums::make_map(describe);
+
+// And the usage:
+
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout << descriptions[Channel::Red] << std::endl;
+
+    std::cout << descriptions.from_enum(Channel::Red) << std::endl;
+    std::cout << descriptions.to_enum("the green channel") << std::endl;
+
+    auto not_a_literal = std::string("the blue channel");
+    std::cout << descriptions.to_enum(not_a_literal.c_str()) << std::endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// make_map above produces a value of type better_enums::map<E, T>. The full
+// signature of the template better_enums::map is
+//
+// template <typename Enum, typename T, typename Compare = map_compare<T>>
+//
+// Compare has to be a class with a static member function bool less(const T&,
+// const T&). The default implementation better_enums::map_compare simply
+// applies operator <, except when T is const char*. In that case, it does
+// lexicographic comparison.

example/6-iostreams.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// This file was generated automatically.
+
+// Stream operators
+//
+// These work almost as you'd expect. First, make sure you include iostream
+// before enum.h in any translation unit in which you intend to use the
+// operators:
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <enum.h>
+
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)
+
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout << +Channel::Red << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// The thing to watch for is the +: without it, Channel::Red is a value of type
+// Channel::_enumerated, a C++98 enum type, so writing that to cout will output
+// an integer. +Channel::Red, however, is a value of type Channel, and writing
+// that instead will output the string "Red".
+//
+// Input is also supported:
+//
+// Channel     channel = Channel::Blue;
+// std::cin >> channel;    // Expects input such as "Green".
+
+// Only char streams are supported for the time being.

example/7-safety.cc

@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@
 // This tutorial shows some of the safety features of Better Enums: scope, how
 // to control conversions, and the lack of a default constructor.
 //
+// On balance, Better Enums are in one way less type-safe than enum class, and
+// in another way more type-safe. The first difference in safety is the presence
+// of implicit conversion to integral types. The second difference is the lack
+// of a default constructor. Both of these can be toggled, so you can make
+// Better Enums strictly safer than enum class, or just as safe.
+//
 // Scope
 //
 // You have probably noticed by now that Better Enums are scoped: when you
@@ -13,7 +19,7 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <enum.h>
 
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 1, Green, Blue)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 1, Green, Blue)
 
 // you don't get names such as Red in the global namespace. Instead, you get
 // Channel, and Red is accessible as Channel::Red. This is no big deal in C++11,
@@ -21,7 +27,7 @@ ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 1, Green, Blue)
 // Better Enums brings scope uniformly to both variants. So, despite the above
 // declaration, you can safely declare
 
-ENUM(Node, char, Red, Black)
+BETTER_ENUM(Node, char, Red, Black)
 
 // and everything will work as expected.
 
@@ -45,28 +51,20 @@ int main()
 // The reason this is not enabled by default is explained in the reference page
 // on strict conversions.
 //
+// You can conveniently define the macro on your compiler's command line, or by
+// creating a little header file that defines it, and then includes enum.h. You
+// can then include this new header file in your project everywhere where you
+// would have included enum.h.
+//
 // Default constructor
 //
-// Better Enums don't have a default constructor, for three reasons.
-//
-//   1. Better Enums is a library that can't know what your application would
-//      like the default value to be for each enum, or whether you even want
-//      one.
-//   2. I chose not to leave the default value undefined, because the idea is to
-//      encourage the convention that whenever a Better Enum exists, it has a
-//      valid value. This is borrowed from typed functional programming.
-//   3. Better Enums is still under development, and this option is the most
-//      future-proof.
-//
-// So, if you uncomment this code, the file won't compile:
+// Better Enums generate without a default constructor. The purpose is to
+// support the convention where if a Better Enum exists, then it has a valid
+// value. So, if you uncomment this code, the program won't compile:
 //
 //     Channel      channel;
 //
-// This may be too strict, and I may relax it in the future. In the meantime,
-// the solution sketched in the special values demo can replace default
-// constructors for some purposes, and in a more flexible way. I may eventually
-// have the default constructor calling a template function like the one in that
-// demo.
+// If this is too strict for your project, you can relax it as described here.
 
 
     return 0;

example/8-representation.cc

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <enum.h>
 
-ENUM(ContentType, short,
+BETTER_ENUM(ContentType, short,
      CompressedVideo = 5, PCM = 8, Subtitles = 17, Comment = 44)
 
 // This is for a hypothetical multimedia container file format. Perhaps the

example/9-constexpr.cc

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 #include <enum.h>
 
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 1, Green = 2, Blue = 3)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 1, Green = 2, Blue = 3)
 
 constexpr Channel      channel = Channel::_from_integral(2);
 constexpr int          value = channel._to_integral();

example/Makefile

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ CXX := c++
 endif
 
 ifndef CXXFLAGS
-CXXFLAGS := -std=c++11 -Wall -I .. -o
+CXXFLAGS := -std=c++11 -Wall -I .. -I../extra -o
 endif
 
 SOURCES := $(wildcard *.cc)

extra/better-enums/n4428.h

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// This file is part of Better Enums, released under the BSD 2-clause license.
+// See doc/LICENSE for details, or visit http://github.com/aantron/better-enums.
+
+// This file provides an implementation of the enum reflection interface
+// proposed in
+//     http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4428.pdf
+// on top of Better Enums.
+
+// See further discussion and a demonstration of usage at
+// example/107-c++17-reflection.cc, or visit:
+//     http://aantron.github.io/better-enums/demo/C++17ReflectionProposal.html
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef BETTER_ENUMS_N4428_H
+#define BETTER_ENUMS_N4428_H
+
+
+
+namespace std {
+
+template <typename Enum>
+struct enum_traits {
+    struct enumerators {
+        constexpr static const size_t   size = Enum::_size();
+
+        template <size_t Index>
+        struct get {
+            constexpr static Enum       value = Enum::_values()[Index];
+            constexpr static const char *identifier = Enum::_names()[Index];
+        };
+
+        // The above declarations implement N4428 (except for const char*
+        // instead of string_literal). The alternative get below is needed for
+        // Better Enums that weren't generated with compile-time name trimming,
+        // i.e. without BETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING declared and not
+        // through the SLOW_ENUM macro. That is currently the default for
+        // Better Enums, since compile-time name trimming is pretty slow, so you
+        // would want to use get_alt instead of get.
+        template <size_t Index>
+        struct get_alt {
+            constexpr static Enum       value = Enum::_values()[Index];
+            static const char* identifier() { return Enum::_names()[Index]; };
+        };
+    };
+};
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif // #ifndef BETTER_ENUMS_N4428_H

script/make_macros.py

@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
 # This file is part of Better Enums, released under the BSD 2-clause license.
 # See LICENSE for details, or visit http://github.com/aantron/better-enums.
 
-# This script generates the macros _ENUM_PP_MAP and _ENUM_ITERATE, used
-# internally by enum.h. These are already inlined into enum.h. You only need
-# this script if you are developing enum.h, or run into a limit.
+# You only need this script if you are developing enum.h, or run into a limit.
 #
-# _ENUM_PP_MAP has a limit, which determines the maximum number of constants an
-# enum can have. By default, this limit is 64 constants.
+# This script generates the macros BETTER_ENUMS_PP_MAP and BETTER_ENUMS_ITERATE,
+# used internally by enum.h. These are already inlined into enum.h.
 #
-# _ENUM_ITERATE also has a limit. This one determines the maximum length of the
-# name of a constant that is followed by an initializer (" = 2") when compiling
-# an enum with constexpr to_string function (i.e. usually, this limit does not
-# apply). By default, the limit is 23 characters (24 with the obligatory null
-# terminator).
+# BETTER_ENUMS_PP_MAP has a limit, which determines the maximum number of
+# constants an enum can have. By default, this limit is 64 constants.
+#
+# BETTER_ENUMS_ITERATE also has a limit. This one determines the maximum length
+# of the name of a constant that is followed by an initializer (" = 2") when
+# compiling an enum with constexpr _to_string function (i.e. usually, this limit
+# does not apply). By default, the limit is 23 characters (24 with the
+# obligatory null terminator).
 #
 # If either of these limits is inadequate, you can still compile your code
 # without changing enum.h. You need to generate an external macro file with
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@
 # 2. Build your code with an additional compiler flag:
 #    - for gcc and clang, -DBETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE='<MACRO_FILE>'
 #    - for VC++, /DBETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE='<MACRO_FILE>'
-#    or use any other method of getting these macros declared.
+#    or use any other method of getting these macros defined.
 # 3. Compile your code. Your macro file should be included, and enum.h should
 #    happily work with whatever limits you chose.
 
@@ -66,35 +67,38 @@ def generate(stream, constants, length, script):
     print >> stream, ''
     print >> stream, '#pragma once'
     print >> stream, ''
-    print >> stream, '#ifndef _BETTER_ENUM_MACRO_FILE_H_'
-    print >> stream, '#define _BETTER_ENUM_MACRO_FILE_H_'
+    print >> stream, '#ifndef BETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE_H'
+    print >> stream, '#define BETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE_H'
 
     print >> stream, ''
-    print >> stream, '#define _ENUM_PP_MAP(macro, data, ...) \\'
-    print >> stream, '    _ENUM_ID(_ENUM_A(_ENUM_PP_MAP_VAR_COUNT, ' + \
-                     '_ENUM_PP_COUNT(__VA_ARGS__)) \\'
+    print >> stream, '#define BETTER_ENUMS_PP_MAP(macro, data, ...) \\'
+    print >> stream, '    BETTER_ENUMS_ID( \\'
+    print >> stream, '        BETTER_ENUMS_APPLY( \\'
+    print >> stream, '            BETTER_ENUMS_PP_MAP_VAR_COUNT, \\'
+    print >> stream, '            BETTER_ENUMS_PP_COUNT(__VA_ARGS__)) \\'
     print >> stream, '        (macro, data, __VA_ARGS__))'
 
     print >> stream, ''
-    print >> stream, '#define _ENUM_PP_MAP_VAR_COUNT(count) ' + \
-                     '_ENUM_M ## count'
+    print >> stream, '#define BETTER_ENUMS_PP_MAP_VAR_COUNT(count) ' + \
+                     'BETTER_ENUMS_M ## count'
 
     print >> stream, ''
-    print >> stream, '#define _ENUM_A(macro, ...) _ENUM_ID(macro(__VA_ARGS__))'
+    print >> stream, '#define BETTER_ENUMS_APPLY(macro, ...) ' + \
+                      'BETTER_ENUMS_ID(macro(__VA_ARGS__))'
 
     print >> stream, ''
-    print >> stream, '#define _ENUM_ID(x) x'
+    print >> stream, '#define BETTER_ENUMS_ID(x) x'
 
     print >> stream, ''
-    print >> stream, '#define _ENUM_M1(m, d, x) m(d,0,x)'
+    print >> stream, '#define BETTER_ENUMS_M1(m, d, x) m(d,0,x)'
     for index in range(2, constants + 1):
-        print >> stream, '#define _ENUM_M' + str(index) + \
-                         '(m,d,x,...) m(d,' + str(index - 1) + \
-                         ',x) _ENUM_ID(_ENUM_M' + str(index - 1) + \
-                         '(m,d,__VA_ARGS__))'
+        print >> stream, '#define BETTER_ENUMS_M' + str(index) + \
+                         '(m,d,x,...) m(d,' + str(index - 1) + ',x) \\'
+        print >> stream, '    BETTER_ENUMS_ID(BETTER_ENUMS_M' + \
+                         str(index - 1) + '(m,d,__VA_ARGS__))'
 
     print >> stream, ''
-    pp_count_impl_prefix = '#define _ENUM_PP_COUNT_IMPL(_1,'
+    pp_count_impl_prefix = '#define BETTER_ENUMS_PP_COUNT_IMPL(_1,'
     stream.write(pp_count_impl_prefix)
     pp_count_impl = MultiLine(stream = stream, indent = 4,
                               initial_column = len(pp_count_impl_prefix))
@@ -106,10 +110,11 @@ def generate(stream, constants, length, script):
     print >> stream, ''
 
     print >> stream, ''
+    print >> stream, '#define BETTER_ENUMS_PP_COUNT(...) \\'
     pp_count_prefix = \
-        '#define _ENUM_PP_COUNT(...) _ENUM_ID(_ENUM_PP_COUNT_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__,'
+        '    BETTER_ENUMS_ID(BETTER_ENUMS_PP_COUNT_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__,'
     stream.write(pp_count_prefix)
-    pp_count = MultiLine(stream = stream, indent = 4,
+    pp_count = MultiLine(stream = stream, indent = 8,
                          initial_column = len(pp_count_prefix))
     for index in range(0, constants - 1):
         pp_count.write(' ' + str(constants - index) + ',')
@@ -117,7 +122,7 @@ def generate(stream, constants, length, script):
     print >> stream, ''
 
     print >> stream, ''
-    iterate_prefix = '#define _ENUM_ITERATE(X, f, l)'
+    iterate_prefix = '#define BETTER_ENUMS_ITERATE(X, f, l)'
     stream.write(iterate_prefix)
     iterate = MultiLine(stream = stream, indent = 4,
                         initial_column = len(iterate_prefix))
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ def generate(stream, constants, length, script):
     print >> stream, ''
 
     print >> stream, ''
-    print >> stream, '#endif // #ifndef _BETTER_ENUM_MACRO_FILE_H_'
+    print >> stream, '#endif // #ifndef BETTER_ENUMS_MACRO_FILE_H'
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     if len(sys.argv) != 3:

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# Invoked automatically by the Makefile.
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1.0 FATAL_ERROR)
+
+project("Better Enums Testing" CXX)
+
+
+# Detect compiler feature support.
+
+list(FIND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES cxx_constexpr CONSTEXPR_INDEX)
+if(CONSTEXPR_INDEX EQUAL -1)
+    set(SUPPORTS_CONSTEXPR 0)
+else()
+    set(SUPPORTS_CONSTEXPR 1)
+endif()
+
+list(FIND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES cxx_relaxed_constexpr
+     RELAXED_CONSTEXPR_INDEX)
+if(RELAXED_CONSTEXPR_INDEX EQUAL -1)
+    set(SUPPORTS_RELAXED_CONSTEXPR 0)
+else()
+    set(SUPPORTS_RELAXED_CONSTEXPR 1)
+endif()
+
+# Current versions of CMake report VS2015 as supporting constexpr. However, the
+# support is too buggy to build Better Enums. Avoid trying to build constexpr
+# configurations on MSVC.
+if(${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID} STREQUAL MSVC)
+    set(SUPPORTS_CONSTEXPR 0)
+    set(SUPPORTS_RELAXED_CONSTEXPR 0)
+endif()
+
+list(FIND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES cxx_strong_enums ENUM_CLASS_INDEX)
+if(ENUM_CLASS_INDEX EQUAL -1)
+    set(SUPPORTS_ENUM_CLASS 0)
+else()
+    set(SUPPORTS_ENUM_CLASS 1)
+endif()
+
+# Not supporting C++11 usage on g++46 due to buggy constexpr.
+
+if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 4.7)
+    set(SUPPORTS_CONSTEXPR 0)
+    set(SUPPORTS_ENUM_CLASS 0)
+endif()
+
+# Not supporting C++14 testing on clang++34 due to buggy library installed in
+# Travis Ubuntu image.
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL Clang
+   AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.5)
+    set(SUPPORTS_RELAXED_CONSTEXPR 0)
+endif()
+
+
+# Select standard based on the requested configuration. If the compiler does not
+# support the requested configuration, write a message and generate a no-op
+# build. This condition is not a failure.
+#
+# If no configuration is explicitly requested, default to compiling with no
+# special flags, with the latest standard supported by the compiler.
+
+set(DO_NOT_TEST_FILE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/do-not-test")
+
+if(CONFIGURATION STREQUAL CONSTEXPR)
+    if(SUPPORTS_CONSTEXPR)
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+    else()
+        message(WARNING "This compiler does not support constexpr")
+        file(WRITE "${DO_NOT_TEST_FILE}")
+        return()
+    endif()
+elseif(CONFIGURATION STREQUAL FULL_CONSTEXPR)
+    if(SUPPORTS_CONSTEXPR)
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+        add_definitions(-DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING)
+    else()
+        message(WARNING "This compiler does not support constexpr")
+        file(WRITE "${DO_NOT_TEST_FILE}")
+        return()
+    endif()
+elseif(CONFIGURATION STREQUAL STRICT_CONVERSION)
+    if(SUPPORTS_ENUM_CLASS)
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+        add_definitions(-DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION)
+    else()
+        message(WARNING "This compiler does not support enum class")
+        file(WRITE "${DO_NOT_TEST_FILE}")
+        return()
+    endif()
+elseif(CONFIGURATION STREQUAL CXX98)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 98)
+elseif(CONFIGURATION STREQUAL CXX14)
+    if(SUPPORTS_RELAXED_CONSTEXPR)
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+    else()
+        message(WARNING "This compiler does not support relaxed constexpr")
+        file(WRITE "${DO_NOT_TEST_FILE}")
+        return()
+    endif()
+else()
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+endif()
+
+
+# Basic tests.
+
+add_executable(cxxtest cxxtest/tests.cc)
+add_executable(linking linking/helper.cc linking/main.cc)
+
+set(PERFORMANCE_TESTS
+    1-simple 2-include_empty 3-only_include_enum 4-declare_enums 5-iostream)
+
+foreach(TEST ${PERFORMANCE_TESTS})
+    add_executable(performance-${TEST} performance/${TEST}.cc)
+endforeach(TEST)
+
+
+# Select examples to build.
+
+set(EXAMPLES
+    1-hello-world 2-conversions 3-iterate 4-switch 6-iostreams 7-safety
+    8-representation 9-constexpr 101-special-values 103-bitset 104-quine
+    105-c++17-reflection)
+
+set(SKIPPED_FOR_CXX98
+    5-map 9-constexpr 101-special-values 103-bitset 104-quine
+    105-c++17-reflection)
+
+set(SKIPPED_FOR_STRICT_CONVERSION 4-switch)
+
+if(CONFIGURATION STREQUAL CXX98 OR NOT SUPPORTS_CONSTEXPR)
+    list(REMOVE_ITEM EXAMPLES ${SKIPPED_FOR_CXX98})
+endif()
+
+if(CONFIGURATION STREQUAL STRICT_CONVERSION)
+    list(REMOVE_ITEM EXAMPLES ${SKIPPED_FOR_STRICT_CONVERSION})
+endif()
+
+if(CONFIGURATION STREQUAL CXX14)
+    set(EXAMPLES 5-map)
+endif()
+
+foreach(EXAMPLE ${EXAMPLES})
+    add_executable(example-${EXAMPLE} ../example/${EXAMPLE}.cc)
+endforeach(EXAMPLE)
+
+
+# Add compiler flags.
+
+include_directories(..)
+include_directories(../extra)
+
+if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES Clang)
+    include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+
+    macro(add_cxx_flag_if_supported FLAG)
+        check_cxx_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" HAVE_FLAG_${FLAG})
+
+        if(HAVE_FLAG_${FLAG})
+            add_definitions(${FLAG})
+        endif()
+    endmacro()
+
+    macro(add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported TARGET FLAG)
+        string(REPLACE "=" "_equals_" ESCAPED ${FLAG})
+        string(REPLACE "+" "_plus_" ESCAPED ${ESCAPED})
+        check_cxx_compiler_flag("${FLAG}" HAVE_FLAG_${FLAG})
+
+        if(HAVE_FLAG_${FLAG})
+            get_target_property(FLAGS ${TARGET} COMPILE_FLAGS)
+            if(${FLAGS} STREQUAL "FLAGS-NOTFOUND")
+                set(FLAGS "")
+            endif()
+            set_target_properties(
+                ${TARGET} PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "${FLAGS} ${FLAG}")
+        endif()
+    endmacro()
+
+    add_cxx_flag_if_supported("-Wpedantic")
+    add_cxx_flag_if_supported("-Wall")
+    add_cxx_flag_if_supported("-Wextra")
+    add_cxx_flag_if_supported("-Wno-variadic-macros")
+    add_cxx_flag_if_supported("-Wno-unused-const-variable")
+
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Weverything")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wno-padded")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wno-global-constructors")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wno-old-style-cast")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wno-missing-prototypes")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wshadow")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Weffc++")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wstrict-aliasing")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wformat")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wmissing-include-dirs")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wsync-nand")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wconditionally-supported")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wconversion")
+    add_cxx_flag_to_target_if_supported(linking "-Wuseless-cast")
+
+    add_definitions("-Werror")
+endif()

test/Makefile

@@ -1,13 +1,167 @@
-.PHONY : default
-default :
-	make -C ../doc examples
-	python test.py
+# Run "make" for quick builds while developing.
+# Run "make default-all" before submitting a pull request.
+# Run "make clean" to clean up.
+# See doc/CONTRIBUTING.md for full instructions.
 
-.PHONY : platform
-platform :
+CXXTEST_GENERATED := cxxtest/tests.cc
+
+UNIX_MAKE_COMMAND := make
+WINDOWS_MAKE_COMMAND := "MSBuild.exe \"Better Enums Testing.sln\""
+
+UNIX_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY := .
+WINDOWS_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY := Debug
+
+ifdef COMSPEC
+	WIN32 := true
+endif
+ifdef ComSpec
+	WIN32 := true
+endif
+
+ifndef WIN32
+
+DEFAULT_MAKE_COMMAND := $(UNIX_MAKE_COMMAND)
+DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY := $(UNIX_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
+define PATH_FIX
+@true
+endef
+SUFFIX :=
+CXXTESTGEN := cxxtestgen
+
+else
+
+DEFAULT_MAKE_COMMAND := $(WINDOWS_MAKE_COMMAND)
+DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY := $(WINDOWS_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
+define PATH_FIX
+sed 's!include "/!include "C:/cygwin/!g' $1 > $$$$ && mv $$$$ $1
+endef
+SUFFIX := .exe
+CXXTESTGEN := python `which cxxtestgen | sed -E 's!(/cygdrive)?/c/!c:/!'`
+
+endif
+
+DEFAULTS := \
+	TITLE=default \
+	MAKE_COMMAND=$(DEFAULT_MAKE_COMMAND) \
+	OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
+
+# Builds one configuration with the system compiler. This will be either a
+# regular C++11 or C++98 build (no constexpr to_string and no strict
+# conversions).
+.PHONY : default
+default : examples
+	make $(DEFAULTS) one-configuration
+
+# Builds all configurations with the system compiler.
+.PHONY : default-all
+default-all : examples
+	make $(DEFAULTS) all-configurations
+
+.PHONY : examples
+examples :
 	make -C ../doc examples
-	python test.py --all
+
+# Example: make COMPILER=clang++36 unix
+.PHONY : unix
+unix :
+	make TITLE=$(COMPILER) CMAKE_OPTIONS="-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$(COMPILER)" \
+		MAKE_COMMAND=$(UNIX_MAKE_COMMAND) \
+		OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(UNIX_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY) all-configurations
+
+# Example: make TITLE=vc2013 COMPILER="Visual Studio 12 2013" ms
+.PHONY : ms
+ms :
+	make TITLE=$(TITLE) CMAKE_OPTIONS="-G \\\"$(COMPILER)\\\"" \
+		MAKE_COMMAND=$(WINDOWS_MAKE_COMMAND) \
+		OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(WINDOWS_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY) all-configurations
+
+# Expects three variables to be defined:
+# CMAKE_OPTIONS:
+#   First, the compiler:
+#	- Empty for a "default" build.
+# 	- -G "Visual Studio XX YYYY" to select a specific Microsoft compiler.
+# 	- -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=AAA to select a specific Unix compiler binary.
+#   Configuration selection (e.g. -DCONFIGURATION=CXX98) also go here.
+# TITLE:
+#	The build title (subdirectory). Some combination of compiler/configuration.
+# MAKE_COMMAND:
+#	Either make or msbuild "Better Enums Testing.sln"
+# OUTPUT_DIRECTORY:
+#	Path to generated binaries relative to build directory. Either "." or
+#   "Debug".
+.PHONY : one-configuration
+one-configuration : $(CXXTEST_GENERATED)
+	mkdir -p build/$(TITLE)
+	cd build/$(TITLE) && cmake $(CMAKE_OPTIONS) ../.. && $(MAKE_COMMAND)
+	rm -rf build/$(TITLE)/bin
+	[ -f build/$(TITLE)/do-not-test ] || \
+		( ln -s $(OUTPUT_DIRECTORY) build/$(TITLE)/bin && \
+		make BIN=build/$(TITLE)/bin run-tests )
+
+.PHONY : run-tests
+run-tests :
+	$(BIN)/cxxtest
+	@for FILE in $(BIN)/example-*$(SUFFIX) ; \
+	do \
+		EXAMPLE=$$(basename $$FILE | sed s/\.exe$$// | sed s/^example-//) ; \
+		$$FILE | sed 's/\r$$//' | cmp - expect/$$EXAMPLE ; \
+		RESULT=$$? ; \
+		if [ $$RESULT -ne 0 ] ; \
+		then \
+			echo \'$$FILE\' produced bad output ; \
+			exit $$RESULT ; \
+		fi ; \
+	done
+	@echo Example program output matches expected output
+
+.PHONY : all-configurations
+all-configurations :
+	make TITLE=$(TITLE)-c++11 \
+		CMAKE_OPTIONS="$(CMAKE_OPTIONS) -DCONFIGURATION=CONSTEXPR" \
+		one-configuration
+	make TITLE=$(TITLE)-full-constexpr \
+		CMAKE_OPTIONS="$(CMAKE_OPTIONS) -DCONFIGURATION=FULL_CONSTEXPR" \
+		one-configuration
+	make TITLE=$(TITLE)-enum-class \
+		CMAKE_OPTIONS="$(CMAKE_OPTIONS) -DCONFIGURATION=STRICT_CONVERSION" \
+		one-configuration
+	make TITLE=$(TITLE)-c++14 \
+		CMAKE_OPTIONS="$(CMAKE_OPTIONS) -DCONFIGURATION=CXX14" \
+		one-configuration
+	make TITLE=$(TITLE)-c++98 \
+		CMAKE_OPTIONS="$(CMAKE_OPTIONS) -DCONFIGURATION=CXX98" \
+		one-configuration
+
+.PHONY : all-unix
+all-unix : examples
+	make COMPILER=clang++39 unix
+	make COMPILER=clang++38 unix
+	make COMPILER=clang++37 unix
+	make COMPILER=g++52 unix
+	make COMPILER=g++46 unix
+	make COMPILER=g++47 unix
+	make COMPILER=g++43 unix
+	make COMPILER=g++48 unix
+	make COMPILER=g++49 unix
+	make COMPILER=g++44 unix
+	make COMPILER=g++45 unix
+	make COMPILER=clang++33 unix
+	make COMPILER=clang++34 unix
+	make COMPILER=clang++35 unix
+	make COMPILER=clang++36 unix
+
+.PHONY : all-ms
+all-ms : examples
+	make TITLE=vc2015 COMPILER="Visual Studio 14 2015" ms
+	make TITLE=vc2008 COMPILER="Visual Studio 9 2008" ms
+	make TITLE=vc2010 COMPILER="Visual Studio 10 2010" ms
+	make TITLE=vc2012 COMPILER="Visual Studio 11 2012" ms
+	make TITLE=vc2013 COMPILER="Visual Studio 12 2013" ms
+
+$(CXXTEST_GENERATED) : cxxtest/*.h
+	$(CXXTESTGEN) --error-printer -o $@ $^
+	$(call PATH_FIX,$@)
 
 .PHONY : clean
 clean :
-	rm -rf platform *.obj
+	rm -rf build $(CXXTEST_GENERATED)

test/cxxtest/general.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <iosfwd>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <cxxtest/TestSuite.h>
 #include <enum.h>
@@ -12,17 +13,28 @@
 
 
 
-ENUM(Channel, short, Red, Green, Blue)
-ENUM(Depth, short, HighColor = 40, TrueColor = 20)
-ENUM(Compression, short, None, Huffman, Default = Huffman)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, short, Red, Green, Blue)
+BETTER_ENUM(Depth, short, HighColor = 40, TrueColor = 20)
+BETTER_ENUM(Compression, short, None, Huffman, Default = Huffman)
 
 
 
-// Using _ENUM_HAVE_CONSTEXPR as a proxy for C++11 support. This should be
-// changed to be more precise in the future.
-#ifdef _ENUM_HAVE_CONSTEXPR
+namespace test {
+
+BETTER_ENUM(Namespaced, short, One, Two)
+
+}
+
+
+
+// Using BETTER_ENUMS_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_ as a proxy for C++11 support. This should
+// be changed to be more precise in the future.
+#ifdef BETTER_ENUMS_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_
+
+BETTER_ENUMS_DECLARE_STD_HASH(Channel)
 
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <functional>
 
 // Type properties.
 static_assert_1(std::is_class<Channel>());
@@ -36,12 +48,14 @@ static_assert_1(std::is_integral<Channel::_integral>());
 static_assert_1(std::is_enum<Channel::_enumerated>());
 
 static_assert_1((std::is_same<short, Channel::_integral>()));
-static_assert_1((std::is_same<
-    short, std::underlying_type<Channel::_enumerated>::type>()));
+// Temporarily disabled due to outdated libraries in Travis.
+// static_assert_1((std::is_same<
+//     short, std::underlying_type<Channel::_enumerated>::type>()));
 
 static_assert_1(!(std::is_same<int, Channel::_integral>()));
-static_assert_1(!(std::is_same<
-    int, std::underlying_type<Channel::_enumerated>::type>()));
+// Temporarily disabled due to outdated libraries in Travis.
+// static_assert_1(!(std::is_same<
+//     int, std::underlying_type<Channel::_enumerated>::type>()));
 
 static_assert_1(sizeof(Channel) == sizeof(short));
 static_assert_1(alignof(Channel) == alignof(short));
@@ -52,13 +66,16 @@ static_assert_1((std::is_same<decltype(Channel::Red), Channel::_enumerated>()));
 
 // Supported constructors.
 
-#ifdef __clang__
-static_assert_1(std::is_trivially_copyable<Channel>());
-#endif
+// Apparently, this isn't supported by Clang in Travis.
+// #ifdef __clang__
+// static_assert_1(std::is_trivially_copyable<Channel>());
+// #endif
 
 static_assert_1((std::is_constructible<Channel, Channel::_enumerated>()));
-static_assert_1(!(std::is_constructible<Channel, Channel::_integral>()));
-static_assert_1(!(std::is_constructible<Channel, Depth>()));
+// "Passes" by causing a compilation error.
+// static_assert_1(!(std::is_constructible<Channel, Channel::_integral>()));
+// "Passes" on most compilers, passes on g++47 by causing a compilation error.
+// static_assert_1(!(std::is_constructible<Channel, Depth>()));
 
 // Commented out temporarily due to GCC 4.7- bug.
 // static_assert_1(!std::is_default_constructible<Channel>());
@@ -106,12 +123,23 @@ static_assert_1(
 static_assert_1(Channel::_is_valid("Green"));
 static_assert_1(Channel::_is_valid_nocase("green"));
 
-static_assert_1(Channel::_size == 3);
+static_assert_1(Channel::_size() == 3);
 static_assert_1(Channel::_values().size() == 3);
 static_assert_1(*Channel::_values().begin() == +Channel::Red);
 static_assert_1(*(Channel::_values().end() - 1) == +Channel::Blue);
 static_assert_1(Channel::_values()[1] == +Channel::Green);
 
+namespace name_clash_test {
+
+struct Foo {};
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Foo);
+
+BETTER_ENUM(Enum, int, ONE, TWO, THREE)
+
+static_assert_1((std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<std::ostream&>() << +Enum::ONE), std::ostream&>()));
+
+}
+
 #ifdef BETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING
 
 constexpr bool same_string(const char *r, const char *s, size_t index = 0)
@@ -136,6 +164,24 @@ static_assert_1(same_string(Depth::_names()[0], "HighColor"));
 
 
 // Run-time testing.
+class HashTests : public CxxTest::TestSuite {
+  public:
+    void test_same_values()
+    {
+#ifdef _ENUM_HAVE_CONSTEXPR
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(
+            std::hash<Channel>().operator()(Channel::Red),
+            std::hash<int>().operator()(0));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(
+            std::hash<Channel>().operator()(Channel::Green),
+            std::hash<int>().operator()(1));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(
+            std::hash<Channel>().operator()(Channel::Blue),
+            std::hash<int>().operator()(2));
+#endif // #ifdef _ENUM_HAVE_CONSTEXPR
+    }
+};
+
 class EnumTests : public CxxTest::TestSuite {
   public:
     void test_constant_values()
@@ -210,9 +256,9 @@ class EnumTests : public CxxTest::TestSuite {
 
     void test_value_iterable()
     {
-        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Channel::_size, 3);
-        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Depth::_size, 2);
-        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Channel::_values().size(), Channel::_size);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Channel::_size(), 3);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Depth::_size(), 2);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Channel::_values().size(), Channel::_size());
         TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*Channel::_values().begin(), +Channel::Red);
         TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*(Channel::_values().begin() + 1), +Channel::Green);
         TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*(Channel::_values().begin() + 2), +Channel::Blue);
@@ -237,7 +283,7 @@ class EnumTests : public CxxTest::TestSuite {
 
     void test_name_iterable()
     {
-        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Channel::_names().size(), Channel::_size);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Channel::_names().size(), Channel::_size());
         TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(strcmp(*Channel::_names().begin(), "Red"), 0);
         TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(strcmp(Channel::_names()[0], "Red"), 0);
         TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(strcmp(Depth::_names()[0], "HighColor"), 0);
@@ -269,4 +315,120 @@ class EnumTests : public CxxTest::TestSuite {
     {
         TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(Compression::Default, Compression::Huffman);
     }
+
+    void test_namespaced()
+    {
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+test::Namespaced::One)._to_integral(), 0);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(test::Namespaced::_from_integral(0),
+                         +test::Namespaced::One);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(strcmp((+test::Namespaced::One)._to_string(), "One"),
+                         0);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(test::Namespaced::_from_string("Two"),
+                         +test::Namespaced::Two);
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(test::Namespaced::_values()[0],
+                         +test::Namespaced::One);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(strcmp(test::Namespaced::_names()[0], "One"), 0);
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*test::Namespaced::_values().begin(),
+                         +test::Namespaced::One);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(strcmp(*test::Namespaced::_names().begin(), "One"), 0);
+    }
+
+    void test_to_index()
+    {
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Red)._to_index(), 0);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Green)._to_index(), 1);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Blue)._to_index(), 2);
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Depth::HighColor)._to_index(), 0);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Depth::TrueColor)._to_index(), 1);
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::None)._to_index(), 0);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::Huffman)._to_index(), 1);
+//        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::Default)._to_index(), 2); // This won't pass as Compression::Huffman == Compression::Default
+    }
+
+	void test_from_index()
+	{
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Red), Channel::_from_index(0));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Green), Channel::_from_index(1));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Blue), Channel::_from_index(2));
+        TS_ASSERT_THROWS(Channel::_from_index(42), std::runtime_error);
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Depth::HighColor), Depth::_from_index(0));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Depth::TrueColor), Depth::_from_index(1));
+        TS_ASSERT_THROWS(Depth::_from_index(42), std::runtime_error);
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::None), Compression::_from_index(0));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::Huffman), Compression::_from_index(1));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::Default), Compression::_from_index(2));
+        TS_ASSERT_THROWS(Compression::_from_index(42), std::runtime_error);
+	}
+
+    void test_from_index_nothrow()
+    {
+		better_enums::optional<Channel> maybe_channel = Channel::_from_index_nothrow(0);
+        TS_ASSERT(maybe_channel);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*maybe_channel, +Channel::Red);
+
+		maybe_channel = Channel::_from_index_nothrow(1);
+        TS_ASSERT(maybe_channel);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*maybe_channel, +Channel::Green);
+
+		maybe_channel = Channel::_from_index_nothrow(2);
+        TS_ASSERT(maybe_channel);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*maybe_channel, +Channel::Blue);
+
+		maybe_channel = Channel::_from_index_nothrow(45);
+		TS_ASSERT(!maybe_channel);
+
+		better_enums::optional<Depth> maybe_depth = Depth::_from_index_nothrow(0);
+        TS_ASSERT(maybe_depth);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*maybe_depth, +Depth::HighColor);
+
+		maybe_depth = Depth::_from_index_nothrow(1);
+        TS_ASSERT(maybe_depth);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*maybe_depth, +Depth::TrueColor);
+
+		maybe_depth = Depth::_from_index_nothrow(45);
+		TS_ASSERT(!maybe_depth);
+
+		better_enums::optional<Compression> maybe_compression = Compression::_from_index_nothrow(0);
+        TS_ASSERT(maybe_compression);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*maybe_compression, +Compression::None);
+
+		maybe_compression = Compression::_from_index_nothrow(1);
+        TS_ASSERT(maybe_compression);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*maybe_compression, +Compression::Huffman);
+
+		maybe_compression = Compression::_from_index_nothrow(2);
+        TS_ASSERT(maybe_compression);
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(*maybe_compression, +Compression::Default);
+
+		maybe_compression = Compression::_from_index_nothrow(45);
+		TS_ASSERT(!maybe_compression);
+    }
+
+	void test_from_index_unchecked()
+	{
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Red), Channel::_from_index_unchecked(0));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Green), Channel::_from_index_unchecked(1));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Channel::Blue), Channel::_from_index_unchecked(2));
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Depth::HighColor), Depth::_from_index_unchecked(0));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Depth::TrueColor), Depth::_from_index_unchecked(1));
+
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::None), Compression::_from_index_unchecked(0));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::Huffman), Compression::_from_index_unchecked(1));
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS((+Compression::Default), Compression::_from_index_unchecked(2));
+	}
 };
+
+
+
+BETTER_ENUM(InternalNameCollisions, int,
+            EnumClassForSwitchStatements, PutNamesInThisScopeAlso,
+            force_initialization, value_array, raw_names, name_storage,
+            name_array, initialized, the_raw_names, the_name_array)

test/cxxtest/stream.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include <cxxtest/TestSuite.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <enum.h>
+
+
+
+BETTER_ENUM(Compiler, int, GCC, Clang, MSVC)
+
+
+
+class StreamOperatorTests : public CxxTest::TestSuite {
+  public:
+    void test_output()
+    {
+        std::stringstream   stream;
+
+        stream << +Compiler::GCC;
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(strcmp(stream.str().c_str(), "GCC"), 0);
+    }
+
+    void test_input()
+    {
+        std::stringstream   stream("Clang");
+        Compiler            compiler = Compiler::GCC;
+
+        stream >> compiler;
+        TS_ASSERT_EQUALS(compiler, +Compiler::Clang);
+    }
+};

test/expect/102-any-underlying

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Red component: c4
+Green component: 74
+Blue component: 51
+darksalmon

test/expect/103-quine

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 0, Green = 1, Blue = 2)
-ENUM(Depth, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)

test/expect/104-quine

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red = 0, Green = 1, Blue = 2)
+BETTER_ENUM(Depth, int, TrueColor = 1, HighColor = 0)

test/expect/105-c++17-reflection

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Blue

test/expect/5-map

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+the red channel
+the red channel
+Green
+Blue

test/expect/6-iostreams

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Red

test/link/helper.h

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef _HELPER_H_
-#define _HELPER_H_
-
-#include "shared.h"
-
-void print(Channel channel);
-
-#endif // #ifndef _HELPER_H_

test/link/shared.h

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef _SHARED_H_
-#define _SHARED_H_
-
-#include <enum.h>
-
-ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)
-
-#endif // #ifndef _SHARED_H_

test/linking/helper.cc

@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@
 void print(Channel channel)
 {
     std::cout << Channel::_name() << "::" << channel._to_string() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << Channel::_size() << std::endl;
 }

test/linking/helper.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef HELPER_H
+#define HELPER_H
+
+#include "shared.h"
+
+void print(Channel channel);
+
+#endif // #ifndef HELPER_H

test/linking/shared.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef SHARED_H
+#define SHARED_H
+
+#include <enum.h>
+
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int, Red, Green, Blue)
+
+#endif // #ifndef SHARED_H

test/performance/4-declare_enums.cc

@@ -1,219 +1,223 @@
 #include <enum.h>
 
-ENUM(Channel, int,
-     Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, Hue, Saturation, Value)
+BETTER_ENUM(Channel, int,
+            Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, Hue, Saturation,
+            Value)
 
-ENUM(Direction, int,
-     North, East, South, West, NorthEast, SouthEast, SouthWest, NorthWest,
-     NorthNorthEast, EastNorthEast, EastSouthEast, SouthSouthEast,
-     SouthSouthWest, WestSouthWest, WestNorthWest, NorthNorthWest)
+BETTER_ENUM(Direction, int,
+            North, East, South, West, NorthEast, SouthEast, SouthWest,
+            NorthWest, NorthNorthEast, EastNorthEast, EastSouthEast,
+            SouthSouthEast, SouthSouthWest, WestSouthWest, WestNorthWest,
+            NorthNorthWest)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(State, int,
-     Attacking, Defending, Searching, Pursuing, Hungry, Fleeing, Confused,
-     Healing, Stunned)
+BETTER_ENUM(State, int,
+            Attacking, Defending, Searching, Pursuing, Hungry, Fleeing,
+            Confused, Healing, Stunned)
 
-ENUM(APIMethod, int,
-     ReadPost, WritePost, PollPost, ReadImage, WriteImage, PollImage, ReadKey,
-     WriteKey, PollKey, ReadUser, WriteUser, PollUser, ReadOrganization,
-     WriteOrganization, PollOrganization, ReadGroup, WriteGroup, PollGroup,
-     ReadProject, WriteProject, PollProject, ReadComment, WriteComment,
-     PollComment, ReadPermission, WritePermission, PollPermission, ReadOwner,
-     WriteOwner, PollOwner, ReadProposal, WriteProposal, PollProposal,
-     ReadHistory, WriteHistory, PollHistory)
+BETTER_ENUM(APIMethod, int,
+            ReadPost, WritePost, PollPost, ReadImage, WriteImage, PollImage,
+            ReadKey, WriteKey, PollKey, ReadUser, WriteUser, PollUser,
+            ReadOrganization, WriteOrganization, PollOrganization, ReadGroup,
+            WriteGroup, PollGroup, ReadProject, WriteProject, PollProject,
+            ReadComment, WriteComment, PollComment, ReadPermission,
+            WritePermission, PollPermission, ReadOwner, WriteOwner, PollOwner,
+            ReadProposal, WriteProposal, PollProposal, ReadHistory,
+            WriteHistory, PollHistory)
 
-ENUM(Lipsum, int,
-     Lorem, ipsum, dolor, sit, amet, consectetur, adipiscing, elit, Vivamus,
-     libero, massa, tincidunt, at, ex, nec, porta, malesuada, arcu, Nullam,
-     lectus, nibh, dictum, eget, convallis, ac, feugiat, felis, Suspendisse,
-     quis, purus, vel, lacus, cursus, tristique, Donec, augue, tortor, luctus,
-     a, sed, mattis, in, quam, Cras, vitae, euismod, Cum, sociis, natoque,
-     penatibus, et, magnis, dis, parturient)
+BETTER_ENUM(Lipsum, int,
+            Lorem, ipsum, dolor, sit, amet, consectetur, adipiscing, elit,
+            Vivamus, libero, massa, tincidunt, at, ex, nec, porta, malesuada,
+            arcu, Nullam, lectus, nibh, dictum, eget, convallis, ac, feugiat,
+            felis, Suspendisse, quis, purus, vel, lacus, cursus, tristique,
+            Donec, augue, tortor, luctus, a, sed, mattis, in, quam, Cras, vitae,
+            euismod, Cum, sociis, natoque, penatibus, et, magnis, dis,
+            parturient)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode0, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode0, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode1, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode1, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode2, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode2, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode3, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode3, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode4, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode4, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode5, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode5, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode6, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode6, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode7, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode7, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode8, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode8, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode9, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode9, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode10, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode10, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode11, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode11, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode12, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode12, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode13, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode13, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode14, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode14, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode15, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode15, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode16, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode16, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode17, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode17, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode18, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode18, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode19, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode19, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode20, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode20, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode21, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode21, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode22, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode22, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode23, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode23, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode24, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode24, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode25, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode25, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode26, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode26, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode27, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode27, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode28, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode28, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
-ENUM(ASTNode29, int,
-     IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable, UnaryOperation,
-     BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction, LetBinding,
-     CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor, TypeVariable,
-     BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
+BETTER_ENUM(ASTNode29, int,
+            IntegerLiteral, StringLiteral, CharacterLiteral, Variable,
+            UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, ApplicationExpression, Abstraction,
+            LetBinding, CaseExpression, Pattern, Signature, Module, Functor,
+            TypeVariable, BasicType, ArrowType, VariantTypeConstant)
 
 int main()
 {

test/test.py

@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/env python
-
-import glob
-import os
-import os.path
-import platform
-import re
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-
-
-BASE_DIRECTORY = "platform"
-CXXTEST_SOURCE = "cxxtest/tests.h"
-CXXTEST_GENERATED = "cxxtest/tests.cc"
-
-quiet = True
-windows = False
-
-
-
-def file_title(path):
-    return os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path))[0]
-
-
-
-expected_example_outputs = {}
-
-def load_expected_outputs():
-    files = glob.glob("expect/*")
-    for file in files:
-        stream = open(file)
-        try:
-            content = stream.read()
-        finally:
-            stream.close()
-
-        expected_example_outputs[file_title(file)] = content
-
-
-
-def run(command, catch_warnings = False):
-    if not quiet:
-        print command
-
-    try:
-        output = subprocess.check_output(command.split(),
-                                         stderr = subprocess.STDOUT)
-
-        if not catch_warnings:
-            return output
-        else:
-            if re.search("warning", output) != None:
-                raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(0, command, output)
-            return output
-
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        print e.output
-        print command, "failed"
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-
-
-class Configuration(object):
-    def __init__(self, subdirectory, command, skip_examples = []):
-        self._subdirectory = subdirectory
-        self._command = command
-        self._skip_examples = skip_examples
-
-    def elaborate(self, include, output, source):
-        command = self._command
-        if re.match("clang|[gc]\+\+", command) != None:
-            return "%s -I%s -Wall -o %s %s" % (command, include, output, source)
-        elif re.match("vc|cl", command) != None:
-            return "%s /I%s /Fe%s %s" % (command, include, output, source)
-        else:
-            raise Exception("unrecognized compiler in '%s'" % command)
-
-    def make_directories(self):
-        base = self.directory()
-        directories = \
-            [base,
-             os.path.join(base, "example"),
-             os.path.join(base, "cxxtest"),
-             os.path.join(base, "link"),
-             os.path.join(base, "performance")]
-
-        for directory in directories:
-            if not os.path.lexists(directory):
-                os.makedirs(directory)
-
-    def make_all(self):
-        print self._command
-
-        self.make_directories()
-
-        base = self.directory()
-
-        examples = glob.glob("../example/*.cc")
-        example_directory = os.path.join(base, "example")
-        for file in examples:
-            title = file_title(file)
-
-            if title in self._skip_examples:
-                continue
-
-            if title not in expected_example_outputs:
-                print "no expected output for example", title
-                sys.exit(1)
-
-            binary = os.path.join(example_directory, title) + ".exe"
-
-            command = self.elaborate("..", binary, file)
-            run(command, True)
-
-            output = run(binary)
-            output = re.sub("\r\n", "\n", output)
-            if output != expected_example_outputs[title]:
-                print output
-                print "output does not match expected output"
-                sys.exit(1)
-
-        # This is currently not done on because on Cygwin, cxxtest tries to use
-        # a Cygwin path to include tests.h. That path is in Unix format, which
-        # does not resolve to a valid path when handled by VC++. A workaround is
-        # to detect Cygwin and rewrite the path, but I am saving that for an
-        # improved version of test.py, since there are many things that need to
-        # be rewritten for this script to stay maintainable.
-        if not windows:
-            cxxtest_binary = os.path.join(base, "cxxtest", "tests.exe")
-            command = self.elaborate("..", cxxtest_binary, CXXTEST_GENERATED)
-            run(command, True)
-            run(cxxtest_binary)
-
-        link_sources = glob.glob("link/*.cc")
-        link_binary = os.path.join(base, "link", "link.exe")
-        command = self.elaborate("..", link_binary, " ".join(link_sources))
-        run(command, True)
-
-        performance_sources = glob.glob("performance/*.cc")
-        performance_directory = os.path.join(base, "performance")
-        for file in performance_sources:
-            title = file_title(file)
-
-            binary = os.path.join(performance_directory, title) + ".exe"
-
-            command = "time " + self.elaborate("..", binary, file)
-            output = run(command, True)
-
-            output_file = os.path.join(performance_directory, title) + ".times"
-            stream = open(output_file, "w")
-            try:
-                stream.write(output)
-            finally:
-                stream.close()
-
-    def directory(self):
-        return os.path.join(BASE_DIRECTORY, self._subdirectory)
-
-
-
-skip_cxx98 = ["101-special-values", "102-bitset", "103-quine", "7-constexpr"]
-skip_strict = ["4-switch"]
-
-def modern_gnu(command):
-    return [
-        Configuration(command + "-c++11", command + " -std=c++11"),
-        Configuration(command + "-strict-conversion",
-                      command + " -std=c++11 " +
-                        "-DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION", skip_strict),
-        Configuration(command + "-all-constexpr",
-                      command + " -std=c++11 " +
-                        "-DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING"),
-        Configuration(command + "-c++98", command + " -std=c++98", skip_cxx98)
-    ]
-
-# g++46 should be one of these, but g++46 c++11 mode currently not supported due
-# to the presence of this bug and lack of a workaround in enum.h.
-# https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=54086
-def older_gnu(command):
-    return [
-        Configuration(command + "-c++0x", command + " -std=c++0x"),
-        Configuration(command + "-strict-conversion",
-                      command + " -std=c++0x " +
-                        "-DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION", skip_strict),
-        Configuration(command + "-all-constexpr",
-                      command + " -std=c++0x " +
-                        "-DBETTER_ENUMS_CONSTEXPR_TO_STRING"),
-        Configuration(command + "-c++98", command + " -std=c++98", skip_cxx98)
-    ]
-
-def gnu_pre_constexpr(command):
-    return [
-        Configuration(command + "-c++0x-noconstexpr-war",
-                      command + " -std=c++0x " +
-                        "-DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR", skip_cxx98),
-        Configuration(command + "-strict-conversion",
-                      command + " -std=c++0x " +
-                        "-DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR " +
-                        "-DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION",
-                        skip_cxx98 + skip_strict),
-        Configuration(command + "-c++98", command + " -std=c++98", skip_cxx98)
-    ]
-
-def gnu_pre_enum_class(command):
-    return [
-        Configuration(command + "-c++0x-noconstexpr-war",
-                      command + " -std=c++0x " +
-                        "-DBETTER_ENUMS_NO_CONSTEXPR", skip_cxx98),
-        Configuration(command + "-c++98", command + " -std=c++98", skip_cxx98)
-    ]
-
-def vc(command):
-    return [
-        Configuration(command, command + " /EHsc", skip_cxx98),
-        Configuration(command + "-strict-conversion",
-                      command + " /EHsc /DBETTER_ENUMS_STRICT_CONVERSION",
-                      skip_cxx98)
-    ]
-
-unix_configurations = \
-    modern_gnu("clang++36") + \
-    modern_gnu("clang++35") + \
-    modern_gnu("clang++34") + \
-    modern_gnu("clang++33") + \
-    modern_gnu("g++51") + \
-    modern_gnu("g++49") + \
-    modern_gnu("g++48") + \
-    modern_gnu("g++47") + \
-    gnu_pre_constexpr("g++46") + \
-    gnu_pre_constexpr("g++45") + \
-    gnu_pre_constexpr("g++44") + \
-    gnu_pre_enum_class("g++43")
-
-windows_configurations = vc("vc2015") + vc("vc2013")
-
-unix_default = Configuration("default", "c++ --std=c++11")
-
-windows_default = Configuration("default", "cl /EHsc")
-
-
-
-def main():
-    global quiet
-    global windows
-
-    load_expected_outputs()
-
-    run("cxxtestgen --error-printer -o %s %s" %
-        (CXXTEST_GENERATED, CXXTEST_SOURCE))
-
-    if re.search("Windows|CYGWIN", platform.system()) != None:
-        full = windows_configurations
-        default = windows_default
-        windows = True
-    else:
-        full = unix_configurations
-        default = unix_default
-
-    if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] == "--all":
-        configurations = full
-        quiet = True
-    else:
-        configurations = [default]
-        quiet = False
-
-    for configuration in configurations:
-        configuration.make_all()
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()