Align the cancel behaviour of result to the one used in the unhandled exception handler

* Introduce cancellation_result to represent a cancelled async task
* Add cancellation unit tests
* This doesn't allow cancellation of continuables, it is meant
  for treating the special state action canceled on the receiver side.
  Cancellation of a chain is still up to the user.

include/continuable/continuable-promise-base.hpp

@@ -180,6 +180,26 @@ public:
     data_ = nullptr;
   }
 
+  /// Resolves the continuation with the cancellation token which is represented
+  /// by a default constructed exception_t.
+  ///
+  /// \throws This method never throws an exception.
+  ///
+  /// \attention This method may only be called once,
+  ///            when the promise is valid operator bool() returns true.
+  ///            Calling this method will invalidate the promise such that
+  ///            subsequent calls to operator bool() will return false.
+  ///            This behaviour is only consistent in promise_base and
+  ///            non type erased promises may behave differently.
+  ///            Invoking an invalid promise_base is undefined!
+  ///
+  /// \since  4.0.0
+  void set_canceled() noexcept {
+    assert(data_);
+    std::move(data_)(exception_arg_t{}, exception_t{});
+    data_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
   /// Returns true if the continuation is valid (non empty).
   ///
   /// \throws This method never throws an exception.

include/continuable/continuable-result.hpp

@@ -46,16 +46,25 @@ namespace cti {
 /// - *no result*: If the operation didn't finish
 /// - *a value*: If the operation finished successfully
 /// - *an exception*: If the operation finished with an exception
+///                   or was cancelled.
 /// \{
 
-/// A class which is convertible to any \ref result and that definitly holds no
+/// A class which is convertible to any \ref result and that definitely holds no
 /// value so the real result gets invalidated when this object is passed to it.
 ///
 /// \since 4.0.0
 ///
 struct empty_result {};
 
-/// A class which is convertible to any result and that definitly holds
+/// A class which is convertible to any \ref result and that definitely holds
+/// a default constructed exception which signals the cancellation of the
+/// asynchronous control flow.
+///
+/// \since 4.0.0
+///
+struct cancellation_result {};
+
+/// A class which is convertible to any result and that holds
 /// an exception which is then passed to the converted result object.
 ///
 /// \since 4.0.0
@@ -73,8 +82,7 @@ public:
 
   explicit exceptional_result(exception_t exception)
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg, performance-move-const-arg)
-      : exception_(std::move(exception)) {
+    : exception_(std::move(exception)) {}
-  }
 
   exceptional_result& operator=(exception_t exception) {
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-move-const-arg, performance-move-const-arg)
@@ -110,6 +118,7 @@ public:
 /// - *no result*: If the operation didn't finish
 /// - *a value*: If the operation finished successfully
 /// - *an exception*: If the operation finished with an exception
+///                   or was cancelled.
 ///
 /// The interface of the result object is similar to the one proposed in
 /// the `std::expected` proposal:
@@ -132,11 +141,9 @@ class result {
 
   template <typename... Args>
   explicit result(detail::init_arg_t, Args&&... values)
-      : variant_(trait_t::wrap(std::forward<Args>(values)...)) {
+    : variant_(trait_t::wrap(std::forward<Args>(values)...)) {}
-  }
   explicit result(detail::init_arg_t, exception_t exception)
-      : variant_(std::move(exception)) {
+    : variant_(std::move(exception)) {}
-  }
 
 public:
   using value_t = typename trait_t::value_t;
@@ -144,8 +151,7 @@ public:
   template <typename FirstArg, typename... Args>
   explicit result(FirstArg&& first, Args&&... values)
     : variant_(trait_t::wrap(std::forward<FirstArg>(first),
-                               std::forward<Args>(values)...)) {
+                             std::forward<Args>(values)...)) {}
-  }
 
   result() = default;
   result(result const&) = default;
@@ -154,13 +160,13 @@ public:
   result& operator=(result&&) = default;
   ~result() = default;
 
-  explicit result(exception_t exception) : variant_(std::move(exception)) {
+  explicit result(exception_t exception)
-  }
+    : variant_(std::move(exception)) {}
-  result(empty_result) {
+  /* implicit */ result(empty_result) {}
-  }
+  /* implicit */ result(exceptional_result exceptional_result)
-  result(exceptional_result exceptional_result)
+    : variant_(std::move(exceptional_result.get_exception())) {}
-      : variant_(std::move(exceptional_result.get_exception())) {
+  /* implicit */ result(cancellation_result)
-  }
+    : variant_(exception_t{}) {}
 
   result& operator=(empty_result) {
     set_empty();
@@ -183,6 +189,10 @@ public:
   void set_exception(exception_t exception) {
     variant_ = std::move(exception);
   }
+  /// Set the result into a state which holds the cancellation token
+  void set_canceled() {
+    variant_ = exception_t{};
+  }
 
   /// Returns true if the state of the result is empty
   bool is_empty() const noexcept {
@@ -192,7 +202,7 @@ public:
   bool is_value() const noexcept {
     return variant_.template is<surrogate_t>();
   }
-  /// Returns true if the state of the result holds an exception
+  /// Returns true if the state of the result holds a present exception
   bool is_exception() const noexcept {
     return variant_.template is<exception_t>();
   }

include/continuable/detail/core/base.hpp

@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ inline auto invoker_of(identity<void>) {
       identity<>{});
 }
 
-/// - empty_result -> <cancel>
+/// - empty_result -> <abort>
 inline auto invoker_of(identity<empty_result>) {
   return make_invoker(
       [](auto&& callback, auto&& next_callback, auto&&... args) {
@@ -392,7 +392,27 @@ inline auto invoker_of(identity<empty_result>) {
                               std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);
 
           // Don't invoke anything here since returning an empty result
-          // cancels the asynchronous chain effectively.
+          // aborts the asynchronous chain effectively.
+          (void)result;
+        CONTINUABLE_BLOCK_TRY_END
+      },
+      identity<>{});
+}
+
+/// - cancellation_result -> <cancel>
+inline auto invoker_of(identity<cancellation_result>) {
+  return make_invoker(
+      [](auto&& callback, auto&& next_callback, auto&&... args) {
+        (void)next_callback;
+        CONTINUABLE_BLOCK_TRY_BEGIN
+          cancellation_result result = invoke_callback(
+              std::forward<decltype(callback)>(callback),
+              std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);
+
+          // Forward the cancellation to the next available exception handler
+          invoke_no_except(std::forward<decltype(next_callback)>(next_callback),
+                           exception_arg_t{}, exception_t{});
+
           (void)result;
         CONTINUABLE_BLOCK_TRY_END
       },
@@ -409,7 +429,7 @@ inline auto invoker_of(identity<exceptional_result>) {
               invoke_callback(std::forward<decltype(callback)>(callback),
                               std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);
 
-          // Forward the exception to the next available handler
+          // Forward the exception to the next available exception handler
           invoke_no_except(std::forward<decltype(next_callback)>(next_callback),
                            exception_arg_t{},
                            std::move(result).get_exception());
@@ -441,9 +461,13 @@ auto invoker_of(identity<result<Args...>>) {
 
           } else if (result.is_exception()) {
             // Forward the exception to the next available handler
-            invoke_no_except(
+            invoke_no_except(std::forward<decltype(next_callback)>(
-                std::forward<decltype(next_callback)>(next_callback),
+                                 next_callback),
-                exception_arg_t{}, std::move(result).get_exception());
+                             exception_arg_t{},
+                             std::move(result).get_exception());
+          } else {
+            // Aborts the continuation of the chain
+            assert(result.is_empty());
           }
 
         // Otherwise the result is empty and we are cancelling our
@@ -543,6 +567,10 @@ public:
     std::move(next_callback_)(exception_arg_t{}, std::move(exception));
   }
 
+  void set_canceled() noexcept {
+    std::move(next_callback_)(exception_arg_t{}, exception_t{});
+  }
+
   explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
     return true;
   }
@@ -699,9 +727,13 @@ struct callback_base<identity<Args...>, HandleResults, HandleErrors, Callback,
     std::move (*this)(std::move(args)...);
   }
 
-  /// Resolves the continuation with the given error variable.
+  /// Resolves the continuation with the given exception.
-  void set_exception(exception_t error) noexcept {
+  void set_exception(exception_t exception) noexcept {
-    std::move (*this)(exception_arg_t{}, std::move(error));
+    std::move (*this)(exception_arg_t{}, std::move(exception));
+  }
+
+  void set_canceled() noexcept {
+    std::move (*this)(exception_arg_t{}, exception_t{});
   }
 
   /// Returns true because this is a present continuation
@@ -768,6 +800,10 @@ struct final_callback : util::non_copyable {
     std::move (*this)(exception_arg_t{}, std::move(exception));
   }
 
+  void set_canceled() noexcept {
+    std::move (*this)(exception_arg_t{}, exception_t{});
+  }
+
   explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
     return true;
   }
@@ -872,6 +908,8 @@ struct chained_continuation<identity<Args...>, identity<NextArgs...>,
       } else if (result.is_exception()) {
         util::invoke(std::move(proxy), exception_arg_t{},
                      std::move(result.get_exception()));
+      } else {
+        assert(result.is_empty());
       }
     } else {
       // Invoke the continuation with a proxy callback.
@@ -927,6 +965,8 @@ struct chained_continuation<identity<Args...>, identity<NextArgs...>,
     } else if (result.is_exception()) {
       util::invoke(std::move(proxy), exception_arg_t{},
                    std::move(result.get_exception()));
+    } else {
+      assert(result.is_empty());
     }
   }
 

include/continuable/detail/operations/split.hpp

@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ public:
     std::move (*this)(exception_arg_t{}, std::move(error));
   }
 
+  void set_canceled() noexcept {
+    std::move (*this)(exception_arg_t{}, exception_t{});
+  }
+
   explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
     bool is_valid = operator_bool_or<First, true>::get(first_);
     traverse_pack(

include/continuable/detail/other/testing.hpp

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ void assert_async_never_completed(C&& continuable) {
 
         FAIL();
       })
-      .fail([](cti::exception_t error) {
+      .fail([](cti::exception_t) {
         // ...
         FAIL();
       });

test/unit-test/multi/test-continuable-base-destruct.cpp

@@ -104,6 +104,12 @@ TYPED_TEST(single_dimension_tests, are_not_finished_when_not_continued) {
     auto chain = create_incomplete(this);
     ASSERT_ASYNC_INCOMPLETION(std::move(chain).then(this->supply()));
   }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_ASYNC_INCOMPLETION(this->supply().then([] {
+      return empty_result();
+    }));
+  }
 }
 
 TYPED_TEST(single_dimension_tests, are_not_finished_when_cancelling) {
@@ -118,6 +124,46 @@ TYPED_TEST(single_dimension_tests, are_not_finished_when_cancelling) {
   }
 }
 
+TYPED_TEST(single_dimension_tests, are_not_finished_when_cancelling_hook) {
+  {
+    ASSERT_ASYNC_CANCELLATION(
+        this->make(identity<>{}, identity<void>{}, [](auto&& callback) mutable {
+          std::forward<decltype(callback)>(callback).set_canceled();
+        }));
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_ASYNC_CANCELLATION(
+        this->make(identity<>{}, identity<void>{}, [](auto&& callback) mutable {
+          std::forward<decltype(callback)>(callback).set_exception({});
+        }));
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_ASYNC_CANCELLATION(this->supply().then([] {
+      return exceptional_result(exception_t{});
+    }));
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_ASYNC_CANCELLATION(this->supply().then([]() -> result<> {
+      return exceptional_result(exception_t{});
+    }));
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_ASYNC_CANCELLATION(this->supply().then([] {
+      return cancellation_result();
+    }));
+  }
+
+  {
+    ASSERT_ASYNC_CANCELLATION(this->supply().then([]() -> result<> {
+      return cancellation_result();
+    }));
+  }
+}
+
 TYPED_TEST(single_dimension_tests, freeze_is_kept_across_the_chain) {
   {
     auto chain = this->supply().freeze().then([=] {

test/unit-test/single/test-continuable-promisify.cpp

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ TEST(promisify_tests, promisify_with) {
   auto c = cti::promisify<int>::with(
       [](auto&& promise, auto&& /*e*/, int const& value) {
         EXPECT_EQ(value, 36354);
-        promise.set_exception(cti::exception_t{});
+        promise.set_exception(supply_test_exception());
       },
       [&](auto&&... args) {
         async_supply(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);