---
title: "to_string"
---

{{< callout type="info">}}
  Header: `to_string.h`  
{{< /callout >}}

Functions that will render a text representation of bools, integrals, floating point, strings, string views and pointers.  
Uses `etl::basic_format_spec` to define the required formatting.  

It will convert to any of the ETL string types.  

## Default format specification
Where `StringType` is `etl::istring`, `etl::iwstring`, `etl::iu8string`, `etl::iu16string` or `etl::iu32string`.

```cpp
template <typename T>
const StringType& to_string(const T value, 
                            StringType& str, 
                            const bool append = false)
```

---

```cpp
template <typename T> // Where T is an integral
const StringType& to_string(const T value, 
                            uint32_t denominator_exponent,
                            StringType& str, 
                            const bool append = false)
```

`value`   The value to convert to a string.  
`str`     The string in with to place the rendered text.  
`append`  If true then appends the text to the current string's content. Default `false`.  
Since: `20.17.0`

## Supplied format specification
Where `StringType` is `etl::istring`, `etl::iwstring`, `etl::iu8string`, `etl::iu16string` or `etl::iu32string`.  
Where `FormatType` is `etl::format_spec`, `etl::wformat_spec`, `etl::u8format_spec`, `etl::u16format_spec` or `etl::u32format_spec`

```cpp
template <typename T>
const StringType& to_string(const T value, 
                            StringType& str, 
                            const FormatType& format, 
                            const bool append = false)
```

---

```cpp
template <typename T>
const StringType& to_string(const T value, 
                            uint32_t denominator_exponent,
                            StringType& str,
                            const FormatType& format, 
                            const bool append = false)
```

`value`                The value to convert to a string.  
`denominator_exponent` The exponent of the value that is used to divide the value.  
`str`                  The string in with to place the rendered text.  
`format`               The format specification.  
`append`               If `true` then appends the text to the current string's content. Default `false`.  
Since: `20.17.0`  

---

## Examples

Format as a hex character, minimum fill width of 8, fill with zeros  
```cpp
etl::format_spec format;

// Format as a hex character, minimum fill width of 8, fill with zeros.
format.hex().width(8).fill('0'); 

etl::string<8> text;

// 'text' is set to "00123456"
etl::to_string(1193046, text, format);
---
Format minimum fill width of 8, fill with space and three decimal digits
etl::format_spec format;

// Format minimum fill width of 8, fill with space and three decimal digits.
format.width(8).fill(' ').precision(3); 

etl::string<8> text;

// 'text' is set to "   3.142"
etl::to_string(3.1415, text, format); 
---
Format a floating point number
etl::string<19> text = "The result is ";

etl::to_string(3.1415, text, etl::format_spec().precision(3), true);
// 'text' is set to "The result is 3.142"
---
Format an integral number and divide by 10000
etl::string<19> text = "The result is ";

etl::to_string(31415, 4U, text, etl::format_spec().precision(3), true);
// 'text' is set to "The result is 3.142"
```