etl/include/etl/stack.h

///\file

/******************************************************************************
The MIT License(MIT)

Embedded Template Library.
https://github.com/ETLCPP/etl
https://www.etlcpp.com

Copyright(c) 2014 John Wellbelove, Mark Kitson

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
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******************************************************************************/

#ifndef ETL_STACK_INCLUDED
#define ETL_STACK_INCLUDED

#include "platform.h"
#include "algorithm.h"
#include "utility.h"
#include "iterator.h"
#include "alignment.h"
#include "array.h"
#include "exception.h"
#include "error_handler.h"
#include "debug_count.h"
#include "type_traits.h"
#include "placement_new.h"

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>

//*****************************************************************************
///\defgroup stack stack
/// A Last-in / first-out stack with the capacity defined at compile time,
/// written in the STL style.
///\ingroup containers
//*****************************************************************************

namespace etl
{
  //***************************************************************************
  ///\ingroup stack
  /// The base class for stack exceptions.
  //***************************************************************************
  class stack_exception : public exception
  {
  public:

    stack_exception(string_type reason_, string_type file_name_, numeric_type line_number_)
      : exception(reason_, file_name_, line_number_)
    {
    }
  };

  //***************************************************************************
  ///\ingroup stack
  /// The exception thrown when the stack is full.
  //***************************************************************************
  class stack_full : public stack_exception
  {
  public:

    stack_full(string_type file_name_, numeric_type line_number_)
      : stack_exception(ETL_ERROR_TEXT("stack:full", ETL_STACK_FILE_ID"A"), file_name_, line_number_)
    {
    }
  };

  //***************************************************************************
  ///\ingroup stack
  /// The exception thrown when the stack is empty.
  //***************************************************************************
  class stack_empty : public stack_exception
  {
  public:

    stack_empty(string_type file_name_, numeric_type line_number_)
      : stack_exception(ETL_ERROR_TEXT("stack:empty", ETL_STACK_FILE_ID"B"), file_name_, line_number_)
    {
    }
  };

  //***************************************************************************
  ///\ingroup stack
  /// A fixed capacity stack written in the STL style.
  /// \warning This stack cannot be used for concurrent access from multiple threads.
  //***************************************************************************
  class stack_base
  {
  public:

    typedef size_t size_type; ///< The type used for determining the size of stack.

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Checks to see if the stack is empty.
    /// \return <b>true</b> if the stack is empty, otherwise <b>false</b>
    //*************************************************************************
    bool empty() const
    {
      return current_size == 0;
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Checks to see if the stack is full.
    /// \return <b>true</b> if the stack is full, otherwise <b>false</b>
    //*************************************************************************
    bool full() const
    {
      return current_size == CAPACITY;
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Returns the current number of items top the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    size_type size() const
    {
      return current_size;
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Returns the maximum number of items that can be stacked.
    //*************************************************************************
    size_type max_size() const
    {
      return CAPACITY;
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Returns the remaining capacity.
    ///\return The remaining capacity.
    //*************************************************************************
    size_t available() const
    {
      return max_size() - size();
    }

  protected:

    //*************************************************************************
    /// The constructor that is called from derived classes.
    //*************************************************************************
    stack_base(size_type max_size_)
      : top_index(0),
        current_size(0),
        CAPACITY(max_size_)
    {
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Destructor.
    //*************************************************************************
    ~stack_base()
    {
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Increments the indexes value to record a stack addition.
    //*************************************************************************
    void add_in()
    {
      top_index = current_size++;
      ETL_INCREMENT_DEBUG_COUNT;
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Decrements the indexes value to record a queue deletion.
    //*************************************************************************
    void del_out()
    {
      --top_index;
      --current_size;
      ETL_DECREMENT_DEBUG_COUNT;
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Clears all of the indexes.
    //*************************************************************************
    void index_clear()
    {
      top_index = 0;
      current_size = 0;
      ETL_RESET_DEBUG_COUNT;
    }

    size_type top_index;      ///< The index of the top of the stack.
    size_type current_size;   ///< The number of items in the stack.
    const size_type CAPACITY; ///< The maximum number of items in the stack.
    ETL_DECLARE_DEBUG_COUNT;  ///< For internal debugging purposes.
  };

  //***************************************************************************
  ///\ingroup stack
  ///\brief This is the base for all stacks that contain a particular type.
  ///\details Normally a reference to this type will be taken from a derived stack.
  ///\code
  /// etl::stack<int, 10> myStack;
  /// etl::istack<int>& iStack = myStack;
  ///\endcode
  /// \warning This stack cannot be used for concurrent access from multiple threads.
  /// \tparam T The type of value that the stack holds.
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T>
  class istack : public etl::stack_base
  {
  public:

    typedef T                     value_type;      ///< The type stored in the stack.
    typedef T&                    reference;       ///< A reference to the type used in the stack.
    typedef const T&              const_reference; ///< A const reference to the type used in the stack.
#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    typedef T&&                   rvalue_reference;///< An rvalue reference to the type used in the stack.
#endif
    typedef T*                    pointer;         ///< A pointer to the type used in the stack.
    typedef const T*              const_pointer;   ///< A const pointer to the type used in the stack.
    typedef stack_base::size_type size_type;       ///< The type used for determining the size of the stack.

  private:

    typedef typename etl::stack_base              base_t;

  public:

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Gets a reference to the value at the top of the stack.<br>
    /// \return A reference to the value at the top of the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    reference top()
    {
      return p_buffer[top_index];
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Adds a value to the stack.
    /// If asserts or exceptions are enabled, throws an etl::stack_full if the stack is already full.
    ///\param value The value to push to the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    void push(const_reference value)
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!full(), ETL_ERROR(stack_full));
#endif
      base_t::add_in();
      ::new (&p_buffer[top_index]) T(value);
    }

#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    /// Adds a value to the stack.
    /// If asserts or exceptions are enabled, throws an etl::stack_full if the stack is already full.
    ///\param value The value to push to the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    void push(rvalue_reference value)
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!full(), ETL_ERROR(stack_full));
#endif
      base_t::add_in();
      ::new (&p_buffer[top_index]) T(etl::move(value));
    }
#endif

#if ETL_USING_CPP11 && ETL_NOT_USING_STLPORT
    //*************************************************************************
    /// Constructs a value in the stack place'.
    /// If asserts or exceptions are enabled, throws an etl::stack_full if the stack is already full.
    ///\param value The value to push to the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename ... Args>
    void emplace(Args && ... args)
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!full(), ETL_ERROR(stack_full));
#endif
      base_t::add_in();
      ::new (&p_buffer[top_index]) T(etl::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
#else
    //*************************************************************************
    /// Constructs a value in the stack place'.
    /// If asserts or exceptions are enabled, throws an etl::stack_full if the stack is already full.
    ///\param value The value to push to the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    void emplace()
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!full(), ETL_ERROR(stack_full));
#endif
      base_t::add_in();
      ::new (&p_buffer[top_index]) T();
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Constructs a value in the stack place'.
    /// If asserts or exceptions are enabled, throws an etl::stack_full if the stack is already full.
    ///\param value The value to push to the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename T1>
    void emplace(const T1& value1)
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!full(), ETL_ERROR(stack_full));
#endif
      base_t::add_in();
      ::new (&p_buffer[top_index]) T(value1);
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Constructs a value in the stack place'.
    /// If asserts or exceptions are enabled, throws an etl::stack_full if the stack is already full.
    ///\param value The value to push to the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename T1, typename T2>
    void emplace(const T1& value1, const T2& value2)
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!full(), ETL_ERROR(stack_full));
#endif
      base_t::add_in();
      ::new (&p_buffer[top_index]) T(value1, value2);
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Constructs a value in the stack place'.
    /// If asserts or exceptions are enabled, throws an etl::stack_full if the stack is already full.
    ///\param value The value to push to the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
    void emplace(const T1& value1, const T2& value2, const T3& value3)
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!full(), ETL_ERROR(stack_full));
#endif
      base_t::add_in();
      ::new (&p_buffer[top_index]) T(value1, value2, value3);
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Constructs a value in the stack place'.
    /// If asserts or exceptions are enabled, throws an etl::stack_full if the stack is already full.
    ///\param value The value to push to the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
    void emplace(const T1& value1, const T2& value2, const T3& value3, const T4& value4)
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!full(), ETL_ERROR(stack_full));
#endif
      base_t::add_in();
      ::new (&p_buffer[top_index]) T(value1, value2, value3, value4);
    }
#endif

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Gets a const reference to the value at the top of the stack.<br>
    /// \return A const reference to the value at the top of the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    const_reference top() const
    {
      return p_buffer[top_index];
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Clears the stack to the empty state.
    //*************************************************************************
    void clear()
    {
      if ETL_IF_CONSTEXPR(etl::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value)
      {
        base_t::index_clear();
      }
      else
      {
        while (current_size > 0)
        {
          p_buffer[top_index].~T();
          base_t::del_out();
        }
      }
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Removes the oldest item from the top of the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    void pop()
    {
#if defined(ETL_CHECK_PUSH_POP)
      ETL_ASSERT(!empty(), ETL_ERROR(stack_empty));
#endif
      p_buffer[top_index].~T();
      base_t::del_out();
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Removes the oldest item from the top of the stack and puts it in the destination.
    //*************************************************************************
    void pop_into(reference destination)
    {
      destination = ETL_MOVE(top());
      pop();
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Removes the oldest item from the top of the stack and pushes it to the
    /// destination container.
    /// NOTE: The destination must support a push(T) member function.
    //*************************************************************************
    template <typename TContainer>
    void pop_into(TContainer& destination)
    {
      destination.push(ETL_MOVE(top()));
      pop();
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Reverses the stack.
    //*************************************************************************
    void reverse()
    {
      etl::reverse(p_buffer, p_buffer + current_size);
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Assignment operator.
    //*************************************************************************
    istack& operator = (const istack& rhs)
    {
      if (&rhs != this)
      {
        clear();
        clone(rhs);
      }

      return *this;
    }

#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    /// Assignment operator.
    //*************************************************************************
    istack& operator = (istack&& rhs)
    {
      if (&rhs != this)
      {
        clone(etl::move(rhs));
      }

      return *this;
    }
#endif

  protected:

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Make this a clone of the supplied stack
    //*************************************************************************
    void clone(const istack& other)
    {
      clear();

      size_t index = 0UL;

      for (size_t i = 0UL; i < other.size(); ++i)
      {
        push(other.p_buffer[index++]);
      }
    }

#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    /// Make this a clone of the supplied stack
    //*************************************************************************
    void clone(istack&& other)
    {
      clear();

      size_t index = 0UL;

      for (size_t i = 0UL; i < other.size(); ++i)
      {
        push(etl::move(other.p_buffer[index++]));
      }
    }
#endif

    //*************************************************************************
    /// The constructor that is called from derived classes.
    //*************************************************************************
    istack(T* p_buffer_, size_type max_size_)
      : stack_base(max_size_),
        p_buffer(p_buffer_)
    {
    }

  private:

    // Disable copy construction.
    istack(const istack&);

    T* p_buffer; ///< The internal buffer.

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Destructor.
    //*************************************************************************
#if defined(ETL_POLYMORPHIC_STACK) || defined(ETL_POLYMORPHIC_CONTAINERS)
  public:
    virtual ~istack()
    {
    }
#else
  protected:
    ~istack()
    {
    }
#endif
  };

  //***************************************************************************
  ///\ingroup stack
  /// A fixed capacity stack.
  /// This stack does not support concurrent access by different threads.
  /// \tparam T        The type this stack should support.
  /// \tparam MAX_SIZE The maximum capacity of the stack.
  //***************************************************************************
  template <typename T, const size_t SIZE>
  class stack : public etl::istack<T>
  {
  public:
    typedef typename etl::aligned_storage<sizeof(T), etl::alignment_of<T>::value>::type container_type;

    static ETL_CONSTANT size_t MAX_SIZE = SIZE;

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Default constructor.
    //*************************************************************************
    stack()
      : etl::istack<T>(reinterpret_cast<T*>(&buffer[0]), SIZE)
    {
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Copy constructor
    //*************************************************************************
    stack(const stack& rhs)
      : etl::istack<T>(reinterpret_cast<T*>(&buffer[0]), SIZE)
    {
      etl::istack<T>::clone(rhs);
    }

#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    /// Copy constructor
    //*************************************************************************
    stack(stack&& rhs)
      : etl::istack<T>(reinterpret_cast<T*>(&buffer[0]), SIZE)
    {
      etl::istack<T>::clone(etl::move(rhs));
    }
#endif

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Destructor.
    //*************************************************************************
    ~stack()
    {
      etl::istack<T>::clear();
    }

    //*************************************************************************
    /// Assignment operator.
    //*************************************************************************
    stack& operator = (const stack& rhs)
    {
      if (&rhs != this)
      {
        etl::istack<T>::clone(rhs);
      }

      return *this;
    }

#if ETL_USING_CPP11
    //*************************************************************************
    /// Move assignment operator.
    //*************************************************************************
    stack& operator = (stack&& rhs)
    {
      if (&rhs != this)
      {
        etl::istack<T>::clone(etl::move(rhs));
      }

      return *this;
    }
#endif

  private:

    /// The uninitialised buffer of T used in the stack.
    container_type buffer[SIZE];
  };

  template <typename T, const size_t SIZE>
  ETL_CONSTANT size_t stack<T, SIZE>::MAX_SIZE;
}

#endif