Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
 
 
-project(fast_float VERSION 8.0.2 LANGUAGES CXX)
+project(fast_float VERSION 8.1.0 LANGUAGES CXX)
 set(FASTFLOAT_CXX_STANDARD 11 CACHE STRING "the C++ standard to use for fastfloat")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD ${FASTFLOAT_CXX_STANDARD})
 option(FASTFLOAT_TEST "Enable tests" OFF)

README.md

@@ -377,6 +377,33 @@ int main() {
 }
 ```
 
+## Multiplication of an integer by a power of 10
+An integer `W` can be multiplied by a power of ten `10^Q` and
+converted to `double` with correctly rounded value
+(in "round to nearest, tie to even" fashion) using
+`fast_float::integer_times_pow10()`, e.g.:
+```C++
+const uint64_t W = 12345678901234567;
+const int Q = 23;
+const double result = fast_float::integer_times_pow10(W, Q);
+std::cout.precision(17);
+std::cout << W << " * 10^" << Q << " = " << result << " ("
+  << (result == 12345678901234567e23 ? "==" : "!=") << "expected)\n";
+```
+outputs
+```
+12345678901234567 * 10^23 = 1.2345678901234567e+39 (==expected)
+```
+`fast_float::integer_times_pow10()` gives the same result as
+using `fast_float::from_chars()` when parsing the string `"WeQ"`
+(in this example `"12345678901234567e23"`),
+except `fast_float::integer_times_pow10()` does not report out-of-range errors, and
+underflows to zero or overflows to infinity when the resulting value is
+out of range.
+
+Overloads of `fast_float::integer_times_pow10()` are provided for
+signed and unsigned integer types: `int64_t`, `uint64_t`, etc.
+
 You also can use not standard options:
 
 ```C++
@@ -426,6 +453,8 @@ The fast_float library is part of:
 * GCC (as of version 12): the `from_chars` function in GCC relies on fast_float,
 * [Chromium](https://github.com/Chromium/Chromium), the engine behind Google
   Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Opera,
+* Boost JSON, MySQL, etc.
+* Blender
 * [WebKit](https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit), the engine behind Safari (Apple's
   web browser),
 * [DuckDB](https://duckdb.org),
@@ -528,7 +557,7 @@ sufficiently recent version of CMake (3.11 or better at least):
 FetchContent_Declare(
   fast_float
   GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float.git
-  GIT_TAG tags/v8.0.2
+  GIT_TAG tags/v8.1.0
   GIT_SHALLOW TRUE)
 
 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(fast_float)
@@ -544,7 +573,7 @@ You may also use [CPM](https://github.com/cpm-cmake/CPM.cmake), like so:
 CPMAddPackage(
   NAME fast_float
   GITHUB_REPOSITORY "fastfloat/fast_float"
-  GIT_TAG v8.0.2)
+  GIT_TAG v8.1.0)
 ```
 
 ## Using as single header
@@ -556,7 +585,7 @@ if desired as described in the command line help.
 
 You may directly download automatically generated single-header files:
 
-<https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float/releases/download/v8.0.2/fast_float.h>
+<https://github.com/fastfloat/fast_float/releases/download/v8.1.0/fast_float.h>
 
 ## Benchmarking
 

include/fast_float/fast_float.h

@@ -45,6 +45,24 @@ FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 from_chars_result_t<UC>
 from_chars_advanced(UC const *first, UC const *last, T &value,
                     parse_options_t<UC> const &options) noexcept;
 
+/**
+ * This function multiplies an integer number by a power of 10 and returns
+ * the result as a double precision floating-point value that is correctly
+ * rounded. The resulting floating-point value is the closest floating-point
+ * value, using the "round to nearest, tie to even" convention for values that
+ * would otherwise fall right in-between two values. That is, we provide exact
+ * conversion according to the IEEE standard.
+ *
+ * On overflow infinity is returned, on underflow 0 is returned.
+ *
+ * The implementation does not throw and does not allocate memory (e.g., with
+ * `new` or `malloc`).
+ */
+FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 inline double
+integer_times_pow10(uint64_t const mantissa, int const decimal_exponent) noexcept;
+FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 inline double
+integer_times_pow10(int64_t const mantissa, int const decimal_exponent) noexcept;
+
 /**
  * from_chars for integer types.
  */

include/fast_float/float_common.h

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 #include "constexpr_feature_detect.h"
 
 #define FASTFLOAT_VERSION_MAJOR 8
-#define FASTFLOAT_VERSION_MINOR 0
+#define FASTFLOAT_VERSION_MINOR 1
-#define FASTFLOAT_VERSION_PATCH 2
+#define FASTFLOAT_VERSION_PATCH 0
 
 #define FASTFLOAT_STRINGIZE_IMPL(x) #x
 #define FASTFLOAT_STRINGIZE(x) FASTFLOAT_STRINGIZE_IMPL(x)
@@ -1202,7 +1202,12 @@ template <typename T> constexpr uint64_t int_luts<T>::min_safe_u64[];
 
 template <typename UC>
 fastfloat_really_inline constexpr uint_fast8_t ch_to_digit(UC c) noexcept {
-  return int_luts<>::chdigit[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)];
+  // wchar_t and char can be signed, so we need to be careful.
+  using UnsignedUC = typename std::make_unsigned<UC>::type;
+  return int_luts<>::chdigit[static_cast<unsigned char>(
+      static_cast<UnsignedUC>(c) &
+      static_cast<UnsignedUC>(
+          -((static_cast<UnsignedUC>(c) & ~0xFFull) == 0)))];
 }
 
 fastfloat_really_inline constexpr uint_fast8_t

include/fast_float/parse_number.h

@@ -195,32 +195,21 @@ from_chars(UC const *first, UC const *last, T &value,
                                     parse_options_t<UC>(fmt));
 }
 
-/**
+template <typename T>
- * This function overload takes parsed_number_string_t structure that is created
+fastfloat_really_inline FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 bool
- * and populated either by from_chars_advanced function taking chars range and
+clinger_fast_path_impl(uint64_t const mantissa, int64_t const exponent,
- * parsing options or other parsing custom function implemented by user.
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
- */
+                       bool const is_negative,
-template <typename T, typename UC>
+#endif
-FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 from_chars_result_t<UC>
+                       T &value) noexcept {
-from_chars_advanced(parsed_number_string_t<UC> const &pns, T &value) noexcept {
 
-  static_assert(is_supported_float_type<T>::value,
-                "only some floating-point types are supported");
-  static_assert(is_supported_char_type<UC>::value,
-                "only char, wchar_t, char16_t and char32_t are supported");
-
-  from_chars_result_t<UC> answer;
-
-  answer.ec = std::errc(); // be optimistic
-  answer.ptr = pns.lastmatch;
   // The implementation of the Clinger's fast path is convoluted because
   // we want round-to-nearest in all cases, irrespective of the rounding mode
   // selected on the thread.
   // We proceed optimistically, assuming that detail::rounds_to_nearest()
   // returns true.
-  if (binary_format<T>::min_exponent_fast_path() <= pns.exponent &&
+  if (binary_format<T>::min_exponent_fast_path() <= exponent &&
-      pns.exponent <= binary_format<T>::max_exponent_fast_path() &&
+      exponent <= binary_format<T>::max_exponent_fast_path()) {
-      !pns.too_many_digits) {
     // Unfortunately, the conventional Clinger's fast path is only possible
     // when the system rounds to the nearest float.
     //
@@ -233,37 +222,36 @@ from_chars_advanced(parsed_number_string_t<UC> const &pns, T &value) noexcept {
 #endif
       // We have that fegetround() == FE_TONEAREST.
       // Next is Clinger's fast path.
-      if (pns.mantissa <= binary_format<T>::max_mantissa_fast_path()) {
+      if (mantissa <= binary_format<T>::max_mantissa_fast_path()) {
-        value = T(pns.mantissa);
+        value = T(mantissa);
-        if (pns.exponent < 0) {
+        if (exponent < 0) {
-          value = value / binary_format<T>::exact_power_of_ten(-pns.exponent);
+          value = value / binary_format<T>::exact_power_of_ten(-exponent);
         } else {
-          value = value * binary_format<T>::exact_power_of_ten(pns.exponent);
+          value = value * binary_format<T>::exact_power_of_ten(exponent);
         }
 #ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
-        if (pns.negative) {
+        if (is_negative) {
           value = -value;
         }
 #endif
-        return answer;
+        return true;
       }
 #ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_ROUNDS_TO_NEAREST_SUPPORTED
     } else {
       // We do not have that fegetround() == FE_TONEAREST.
       // Next is a modified Clinger's fast path, inspired by Jakub Jelínek's
       // proposal
-      if (pns.exponent >= 0 &&
+      if (exponent >= 0 &&
-          pns.mantissa <=
+          mantissa <= binary_format<T>::max_mantissa_fast_path(exponent)) {
-              binary_format<T>::max_mantissa_fast_path(pns.exponent)) {
 #if defined(__clang__) || defined(FASTFLOAT_32BIT)
         // Clang may map 0 to -0.0 when fegetround() == FE_DOWNWARD
-        if (pns.mantissa == 0) {
+        if (mantissa == 0) {
           value =
 #ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
-              pns.negative ? T(-0.) :
+              is_negative ? T(-0.) :
 #endif
                            T(0.);
-          return answer;
+          return true;
         }
 #endif
         value = T(pns.mantissa) *
@@ -273,11 +261,40 @@ from_chars_advanced(parsed_number_string_t<UC> const &pns, T &value) noexcept {
           value = -value;
         }
 #endif
-        return answer;
+        return true;
       }
     }
 #endif
   }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function overload takes parsed_number_string_t structure that is created
+ * and populated either by from_chars_advanced function taking chars range and
+ * parsing options or other parsing custom function implemented by user.
+ */
+template <typename T, typename UC>
+FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 from_chars_result_t<UC>
+from_chars_advanced(parsed_number_string_t<UC> &pns, T &value) noexcept {
+  static_assert(is_supported_float_type<T>::value,
+                "only some floating-point types are supported");
+  static_assert(is_supported_char_type<UC>::value,
+                "only char, wchar_t, char16_t and char32_t are supported");
+
+  from_chars_result_t<UC> answer;
+
+  answer.ec = std::errc(); // be optimistic
+  answer.ptr = pns.lastmatch;
+
+  if (!pns.too_many_digits &&
+      clinger_fast_path_impl(pns.mantissa, pns.exponent,
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
+                             pns.negative,
+#endif
+                             value))
+    return answer;
+
   adjusted_mantissa am =
       compute_float<binary_format<T>>(pns.exponent, pns.mantissa);
   if (pns.too_many_digits && am.power2 >= 0) {
@@ -369,6 +386,69 @@ from_chars(UC const *first, UC const *last, T &value, int const base) noexcept {
   return from_chars_advanced(first, last, value, options);
 }
 
+FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 inline double
+integer_times_pow10(uint64_t const mantissa, int const decimal_exponent) noexcept {
+  double value;
+  if (clinger_fast_path_impl(mantissa, decimal_exponent,
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
+                             false,
+#endif
+                             value))
+    return value;
+
+  adjusted_mantissa am =
+      compute_float<binary_format<double>>(decimal_exponent, mantissa);
+  to_float(
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
+           false,
+#endif
+           am, value);
+  return value;
+}
+
+FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 inline double
+integer_times_pow10(int64_t const mantissa, int const decimal_exponent) noexcept {
+#ifdef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
+  FASTFLOAT_ASSUME(mantissa > 0);
+  const uint64_t m = static_cast<uint64_t>(mantissa);
+#else
+  const bool is_negative = mantissa < 0;
+  const uint64_t m = static_cast<uint64_t>(is_negative ? -mantissa : mantissa);
+#endif
+  double value;
+  if (clinger_fast_path_impl(m, decimal_exponent,
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
+                             is_negative,
+#endif
+                             value))
+    return value;
+
+  adjusted_mantissa am =
+      compute_float<binary_format<double>>(decimal_exponent, m);
+  to_float(
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_ONLY_POSITIVE_C_NUMBER_WO_INF_NAN
+           is_negative,
+#endif
+           am, value);
+  return value;
+}
+
+// the following overloads are here to avoid surprising ambiguity for int,
+// unsigned, etc.
+template <typename Int>
+FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 inline typename std::enable_if<
+    std::is_integral<Int>::value && !std::is_signed<Int>::value, double>::type
+integer_times_pow10(Int mantissa, int decimal_exponent) noexcept {
+  return integer_times_pow10(static_cast<uint64_t>(mantissa), decimal_exponent);
+}
+
+template <typename Int>
+FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 inline typename std::enable_if<
+    std::is_integral<Int>::value && std::is_signed<Int>::value, double>::type
+integer_times_pow10(Int mantissa, int decimal_exponent) noexcept {
+  return integer_times_pow10(static_cast<int64_t>(mantissa), decimal_exponent);
+}
+
 template <typename T, typename UC>
 FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR20 from_chars_result_t<UC>
 from_chars_int_advanced(UC const *first, UC const *last, T &value,

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ fast_float_add_cpp_test(wide_char_test)
 fast_float_add_cpp_test(supported_chars_test)
 fast_float_add_cpp_test(example_test)
 fast_float_add_cpp_test(example_comma_test)
+fast_float_add_cpp_test(example_integer_times_pow10)
 fast_float_add_cpp_test(basictest)
 option(FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR_TESTS "Require constexpr tests (build will fail if the compiler won't support it)" OFF)
 if (FASTFLOAT_CONSTEXPR_TESTS)

tests/basictest.cpp

@@ -1134,6 +1134,14 @@ TEST_CASE("double.inf") {
          std::errc::result_out_of_range);
   verify("1.9e308", std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
          std::errc::result_out_of_range);
+
+  // DBL_MAX + 0.00000000000000001e308
+  verify("1.79769313486231581e308", std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+         std::errc::result_out_of_range);
+
+  // DBL_MAX + 0.0000000000000001e308
+  verify("1.7976931348623159e308", std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+         std::errc::result_out_of_range);
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("double.general") {
@@ -1143,6 +1151,13 @@ TEST_CASE("double.general") {
   verify("-22250738585072012e-324",
          -0x1p-1022); /* limit between normal and subnormal*/
   verify("-1e-999", -0.0, std::errc::result_out_of_range);
+
+  // DBL_TRUE_MIN / 2
+  verify("2.4703282292062327e-324", 0.0, std::errc::result_out_of_range);
+
+  // DBL_TRUE_MIN / 2 + 0.0000000000000001e-324
+  verify("2.4703282292062328e-324", 0x0.0000000000001p-1022);
+
   verify("-2.2222222222223e-322", -0x1.68p-1069);
   verify("9007199254740993.0", 0x1p+53);
   verify("860228122.6654514319E+90", 0x1.92bb20990715fp+328);
@@ -2070,3 +2085,155 @@ TEST_CASE("bfloat16.general") {
   //     0.00000000000000000000000000000000000001175494210692441075487029444849287348827052428745893333857174530571588870475618904265502351336181163787841796875bf16);
 }
 #endif
+
+template <typename Int>
+void verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(Int mantissa,
+                                                  int decimal_exponent,
+                                                  double expected) {
+  const double actual =
+      fast_float::integer_times_pow10(mantissa, decimal_exponent);
+
+  INFO("m * 10^e=" << mantissa << " * 10^" << decimal_exponent
+                   << "\n"
+                      "  expected="
+                   << fHexAndDec(expected) << "\n"
+                   << "  ..actual=" << fHexAndDec(actual) << "\n"
+                   << "  expected mantissa="
+                   << iHexAndDec(get_mantissa(expected)) << "\n"
+                   << "  ..actual mantissa=" << iHexAndDec(get_mantissa(actual))
+                   << "\n");
+  CHECK_EQ(actual, expected);
+}
+
+template <typename Int>
+void verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(Int mantissa,
+                                                  int decimal_exponent) {
+  std::string constructed_string =
+      std::to_string(mantissa) + "e" + std::to_string(decimal_exponent);
+  double expected_result;
+  const auto result = fast_float::from_chars(
+      constructed_string.data(),
+      constructed_string.data() + constructed_string.size(), expected_result);
+  if (result.ec != std::errc())
+    INFO("Failed to parse: " << constructed_string);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(mantissa, decimal_exponent,
+                                               expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("integer_times_pow10") {
+  // explicitly verifying API with different types of integers
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<int8_t>(31, -1, 3.1);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<int8_t>(-31, -1, -3.1);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<uint8_t>(31, -1, 3.1);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<int16_t>(31415, -4, 3.1415);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<int16_t>(-31415, -4, -3.1415);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<uint16_t>(31415, -4, 3.1415);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<int32_t>(314159265, -8,
+                                                        3.14159265);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<int32_t>(-314159265, -8,
+                                                        -3.14159265);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<uint32_t>(3141592653, -9,
+                                                         3.141592653);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<int64_t>(
+      3141592653589793238, -18, 3.141592653589793238);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<int64_t>(
+      -3141592653589793238, -18, -3.141592653589793238);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<uint64_t>(
+      3141592653589793238, -18, 3.141592653589793238);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<long long>(
+      -3141592653589793238, -18, -3.141592653589793238);
+  verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10<unsigned long long>(
+      3141592653589793238, -18, 3.141592653589793238);
+
+  for (int mode : {FE_UPWARD, FE_DOWNWARD, FE_TOWARDZERO, FE_TONEAREST}) {
+    fesetround(mode);
+    INFO("fesetround(): " << std::string{round_name(mode)});
+
+    struct Guard {
+      ~Guard() { fesetround(FE_TONEAREST); }
+    } guard;
+
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(0, 0);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1, 0);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(0, 1);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1, 1);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(-1, 0);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(0, -1);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(-1, -1);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(-1, 1);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1, -1);
+
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        49406564584124654, -340, std::numeric_limits<double>::denorm_min());
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        22250738585072014, -324, std::numeric_limits<double>::min());
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        17976931348623158, 292, std::numeric_limits<double>::max());
+
+    // DBL_TRUE_MIN / 2 underflows to 0
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(49406564584124654 / 2, -340,
+                                                 0.);
+
+    // DBL_TRUE_MIN / 2 + 0.0000000000000001e-324 rounds to DBL_TRUE_MIN
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        49406564584124654 / 2 + 1, -340,
+        std::numeric_limits<double>::denorm_min());
+
+    // DBL_MAX + 0.0000000000000001e308 overflows to infinity
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        17976931348623158 + 1, 292, std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+    // DBL_MAX + 0.00000000000000001e308 overflows to infinity
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        179769313486231580 + 1, 291, std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+
+    // loosely verifying correct rounding of 1 to 64 bits
+    // worth of significant digits
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456789, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567890, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567890, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678901, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678901, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456789012, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456789012, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567890123, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567890123, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678901234, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678901234, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456789012345, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456789012345, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567890123456, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567890123456, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678901234567, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678901234567, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456789012345678, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(123456789012345678, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567890123456789, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(1234567890123456789, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678901234567890ull, 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(12345678901234567890ull, -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max(), 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max(), -42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), 42);
+    verify_integer_multiplication_by_power_of_10(
+        std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), -42);
+  }
+}

tests/example_integer_times_pow10.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "fast_float/fast_float.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+  const uint64_t W = 12345678901234567;
+  const int Q = 23;
+  const double result = fast_float::integer_times_pow10(W, Q);
+  std::cout.precision(17);
+  std::cout << W << " * 10^" << Q << " = " << result << " ("
+            << (result == 12345678901234567e23 ? "==" : "!=") << "expected)\n";
+}

tests/fast_int.cpp

@@ -831,6 +831,275 @@ int main() {
       return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
   }
+  // dont parse UTF-16 code units of emojis as int if low byte is ascii digit
+  {
+    const std::u16string emojis[] = {
+        u"ℹ", u"ℹ️", u"☸", u"☸️", u"☹", u"☹️", u"✳",  u"✳️",
+        u"✴", u"✴️", u"⤴", u"⤴️", u"⤵", u"⤵️", u"〰", u"〰️",
+    };
+    bool failed = false;
+    auto array_size = sizeof(emojis) / sizeof(emojis[0]);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < array_size; i++) {
+      auto e = emojis[i];
+      int foo;
+      auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(e.data(), e.data() + e.size(), foo);
+      if (answer.ec == std::errc()) {
+        failed = true;
+        std::cerr << "Incorrectly parsed emoji #" << i << " as integer " << foo
+                  << "." << std::endl;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (failed) {
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
+  // dont parse UTF-32 code points of emojis as int if low byte is ascii digit
+  {
+    const std::u32string emojis[] = {
+        U"ℹ",
+        U"ℹ️",
+        U"☸",
+        U"☸️",
+        U"☹",
+        U"☹️",
+        U"✳",
+        U"✳️",
+        U"✴",
+        U"✴️",
+        U"⤴",
+        U"⤴️",
+        U"⤵",
+        U"⤵️",
+        U"〰",
+        U"〰️",
+        U"🈲",
+        U"🈳",
+        U"🈴",
+        U"🈵",
+        U"🈶",
+        U"🈷",
+        U"🈷️",
+        U"🈸",
+        U"🈹",
+        U"🌰",
+        U"🌱",
+        U"🌲",
+        U"🌳",
+        U"🌴",
+        U"🌵",
+        U"🌶",
+        U"🌶️",
+        U"🌷",
+        U"🌸",
+        U"🌹",
+        U"🐰",
+        U"🐱",
+        U"🐲",
+        U"🐳",
+        U"🐴",
+        U"🐵",
+        U"🐶",
+        U"🐷",
+        U"🐸",
+        U"🐹",
+        U"🔰",
+        U"🔱",
+        U"🔲",
+        U"🔳",
+        U"🔴",
+        U"🔵",
+        U"🔶",
+        U"🔷",
+        U"🔸",
+        U"🔹",
+        U"😰",
+        U"😱",
+        U"😲",
+        U"😳",
+        U"😴",
+        U"😵",
+        U"😵‍💫",
+        U"😶",
+        U"😶‍🌫",
+        U"😶‍🌫️",
+        U"😷",
+        U"😸",
+        U"😹",
+        U"🤰",
+        U"🤰🏻",
+        U"🤰🏼",
+        U"🤰🏽",
+        U"🤰🏾",
+        U"🤰🏿",
+        U"🤱",
+        U"🤱🏻",
+        U"🤱🏼",
+        U"🤱🏽",
+        U"🤱🏾",
+        U"🤱🏿",
+        U"🤲",
+        U"🤲🏻",
+        U"🤲🏼",
+        U"🤲🏽",
+        U"🤲🏾",
+        U"🤲🏿",
+        U"🤳",
+        U"🤳🏻",
+        U"🤳🏼",
+        U"🤳🏽",
+        U"🤳🏾",
+        U"🤳🏿",
+        U"🤴",
+        U"🤴🏻",
+        U"🤴🏼",
+        U"🤴🏽",
+        U"🤴🏾",
+        U"🤴🏿",
+        U"🤵",
+        U"🤵‍♀",
+        U"🤵‍♀️",
+        U"🤵‍♂",
+        U"🤵‍♂️",
+        U"🤵🏻",
+        U"🤵🏻‍♀",
+        U"🤵🏻‍♀️",
+        U"🤵🏻‍♂",
+        U"🤵🏻‍♂️",
+        U"🤵🏼",
+        U"🤵🏼‍♀",
+        U"🤵🏼‍♀️",
+        U"🤵🏼‍♂",
+        U"🤵🏼‍♂️",
+        U"🤵🏽",
+        U"🤵🏽‍♀",
+        U"🤵🏽‍♀️",
+        U"🤵🏽‍♂",
+        U"🤵🏽‍♂️",
+        U"🤵🏾",
+        U"🤵🏾‍♀",
+        U"🤵🏾‍♀️",
+        U"🤵🏾‍♂",
+        U"🤵🏾‍♂️",
+        U"🤵🏿",
+        U"🤵🏿‍♀",
+        U"🤵🏿‍♀️",
+        U"🤵🏿‍♂",
+        U"🤵🏿‍♂️",
+        U"🤶",
+        U"🤶🏻",
+        U"🤶🏼",
+        U"🤶🏽",
+        U"🤶🏾",
+        U"🤶🏿",
+        U"🤷",
+        U"🤷‍♀",
+        U"🤷‍♀️",
+        U"🤷‍♂",
+        U"🤷‍♂️",
+        U"🤷🏻",
+        U"🤷🏻‍♀",
+        U"🤷🏻‍♀️",
+        U"🤷🏻‍♂",
+        U"🤷🏻‍♂️",
+        U"🤷🏼",
+        U"🤷🏼‍♀",
+        U"🤷🏼‍♀️",
+        U"🤷🏼‍♂",
+        U"🤷🏼‍♂️",
+        U"🤷🏽",
+        U"🤷🏽‍♀",
+        U"🤷🏽‍♀️",
+        U"🤷🏽‍♂",
+        U"🤷🏽‍♂️",
+        U"🤷🏾",
+        U"🤷🏾‍♀",
+        U"🤷🏾‍♀️",
+        U"🤷🏾‍♂",
+        U"🤷🏾‍♂️",
+        U"🤷🏿",
+        U"🤷🏿‍♀",
+        U"🤷🏿‍♀️",
+        U"🤷🏿‍♂",
+        U"🤷🏿‍♂️",
+        U"🤸",
+        U"🤸‍♀",
+        U"🤸‍♀️",
+        U"🤸‍♂",
+        U"🤸‍♂️",
+        U"🤸🏻",
+        U"🤸🏻‍♀",
+        U"🤸🏻‍♀️",
+        U"🤸🏻‍♂",
+        U"🤸🏻‍♂️",
+        U"🤸🏼",
+        U"🤸🏼‍♀",
+        U"🤸🏼‍♀️",
+        U"🤸🏼‍♂",
+        U"🤸🏼‍♂️",
+        U"🤸🏽",
+        U"🤸🏽‍♀",
+        U"🤸🏽‍♀️",
+        U"🤸🏽‍♂",
+        U"🤸🏽‍♂️",
+        U"🤸🏾",
+        U"🤸🏾‍♀",
+        U"🤸🏾‍♀️",
+        U"🤸🏾‍♂",
+        U"🤸🏾‍♂️",
+        U"🤸🏿",
+        U"🤸🏿‍♀",
+        U"🤸🏿‍♀️",
+        U"🤸🏿‍♂",
+        U"🤸🏿‍♂️",
+        U"🤹",
+        U"🤹‍♀",
+        U"🤹‍♀️",
+        U"🤹‍♂",
+        U"🤹‍♂️",
+        U"🤹🏻",
+        U"🤹🏻‍♀",
+        U"🤹🏻‍♀️",
+        U"🤹🏻‍♂",
+        U"🤹🏻‍♂️",
+        U"🤹🏼",
+        U"🤹🏼‍♀",
+        U"🤹🏼‍♀️",
+        U"🤹🏼‍♂",
+        U"🤹🏼‍♂️",
+        U"🤹🏽",
+        U"🤹🏽‍♀",
+        U"🤹🏽‍♀️",
+        U"🤹🏽‍♂",
+        U"🤹🏽‍♂️",
+        U"🤹🏾",
+        U"🤹🏾‍♀",
+        U"🤹🏾‍♀️",
+        U"🤹🏾‍♂",
+        U"🤹🏾‍♂️",
+        U"🤹🏿",
+        U"🤹🏿‍♀",
+        U"🤹🏿‍♀️",
+        U"🤹🏿‍♂",
+        U"🤹🏿‍♂️",
+    };
+    bool failed = false;
+    auto array_size = sizeof(emojis) / sizeof(emojis[0]);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < array_size; i++) {
+      auto e = emojis[i];
+      int foo;
+      auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(e.data(), e.data() + e.size(), foo);
+      if (answer.ec == std::errc()) {
+        failed = true;
+        std::cerr << "Incorrectly parsed emoji #" << i << " as integer " << foo
+                  << "." << std::endl;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (failed) {
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
 
   return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -842,4 +1111,4 @@ int main() {
   std::cerr << "The test requires C++17." << std::endl;
   return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
-#endif
+#endif