fast_float/tests/fast_int.cpp

#ifndef __cplusplus
#error fastfloat requires a C++ compiler
#endif

// We want to enable the tests only for C++17 and above.
#ifndef FASTFLOAT_CPLUSPLUS
#if defined(_MSVC_LANG) && !defined(__clang__)
#define FASTFLOAT_CPLUSPLUS (_MSC_VER == 1900 ? 201103L : _MSVC_LANG)
#else
#define FASTFLOAT_CPLUSPLUS __cplusplus
#endif
#endif

#if FASTFLOAT_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string_view>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <random>
#include <algorithm>
#include "fast_float/fast_float.h"
#include <cstdint>

/*
all tests conducted are to check fast_float::from_chars functionality with int
and unsigned test cases include: int basic tests - numbers only, numbers with
strings behind, decimals, negative numbers unsigned basic tests - numbers only,
numbers with strings behind, decimals int invalid tests - strings only, strings
with numbers behind, space in front of number, plus sign in front of number
unsigned invalid tests - strings only, strings with numbers behind, space in
front of number, plus/minus sign in front of number int out of range tests -
numbers exceeding int bit size for 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits unsigned out of range
tests - numbers exceeding unsigned bit size 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits int pointer
tests - points to first character that is not recognized as int unsigned pointer
tests - points to first character that is not recognized as unsigned
int/unsigned base 2 tests - numbers are converted from binary to decimal
octal tests - numbers are converted from octal to decimal
hex tests - numbers are converted from hex to decimal (Note: 0x and 0X are
considered invalid) invalid base tests - any base not within 2-36 is invalid out
of range base tests - numbers exceeding int/unsigned bit size after converted
from base (Note: only 64 bit int and unsigned are tested) within range base
tests - max/min numbers are still within int/unsigned bit size after converted
from base (Note: only 64 bit int and unsigned are tested) leading zeros tests -
ignores all zeroes in front of valid number after converted from base
*/

int main() {
  // int basic test
  std::vector<int> const int_basic_test_expected{0, 10, -40, 1001, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_basic_test{"0", "10 ", "-40",
                                                     "1001 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const f = int_basic_test[i];
    int result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);

    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      if (answer.ec == std::errc::invalid_argument) {
        std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: \"" << f
                  << "\" because of invalid argument" << std::endl;
      } else if (answer.ec == std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
        std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: \"" << f
                  << "\" because it's out of range" << std::endl;
      } else {
        std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: \"" << f
                  << "\" because of an unknown error" << std::endl;
      }
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != int_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f << "\" did not match with expected int: "
                << int_basic_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned basic test
  std::vector<unsigned> const unsigned_basic_test_expected{0, 10, 1001, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_basic_test{
      "0", "10 ", "1001 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_basic_test[i];
    unsigned result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to unsigned for input: \"" << f << "\""
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != unsigned_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f
                << "\" did not match with expected unsigned: "
                << unsigned_basic_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // char basic test
  std::vector<char> const char_basic_test_expected{0, 10, 40, 100, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const char_basic_test{"0", "10 ", "40",
                                                      "100 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < char_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const f = char_basic_test[i];
    char result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);

    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to char for input: \"" << f
                << "\" because of invalid argument" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != char_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f << "\" did not match with expected char: "
                << static_cast<int>(char_basic_test_expected[i]) << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // short basic test
  std::vector<short> const short_basic_test_expected{0, 10, -40, 1001, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const short_basic_test{
      "0", "10 ", "-40", "1001 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < short_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const f = short_basic_test[i];
    short result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);

    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to short for input: \"" << f
                << "\" because of invalid argument" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != short_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f << "\" did not match with expected short: "
                << short_basic_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // long basic test
  std::vector<long> const long_basic_test_expected{0, 10, -40, 1001, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const long_basic_test{
      "0", "10 ", "-40", "1001 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < long_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const f = long_basic_test[i];
    long result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);

    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to long for input: \"" << f
                << "\" because of invalid argument" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != long_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f << "\" did not match with expected long: "
                << long_basic_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // long long basic test
  std::vector<long long> const long_long_basic_test_expected{0, 10, -40, 1001,
                                                             9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const long_long_basic_test{
      "0", "10 ", "-40", "1001 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < long_long_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const f = long_long_basic_test[i];
    long long result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);

    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to long long for input: \"" << f
                << "\" because of invalid argument" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != long_long_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f
                << "\" did not match with expected long long: "
                << long_long_basic_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned char basic test
  std::vector<unsigned char> const unsigned_char_basic_test_expected{0, 10, 100,
                                                                     9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_char_basic_test{
      "0", "10 ", "100 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_char_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_char_basic_test[i];
    unsigned char result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to unsigned char for input: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != unsigned_char_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f
                << "\" did not match with expected unsigned char: "
                << static_cast<int>(unsigned_char_basic_test_expected[i])
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned short basic test
  std::vector<unsigned short> const unsigned_short_basic_test_expected{0, 10,
                                                                       1001, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_short_basic_test{
      "0", "10 ", "1001 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_short_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_short_basic_test[i];
    unsigned short result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to unsigned short for input: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != unsigned_short_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f
                << "\" did not match with expected unsigned short: "
                << unsigned_short_basic_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned long basic test
  std::vector<unsigned long> const unsigned_long_basic_test_expected{0, 10,
                                                                     1001, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_long_basic_test{
      "0", "10 ", "1001 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_long_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_long_basic_test[i];
    unsigned long result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to unsigned long for input: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != unsigned_long_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f
                << "\" did not match with expected unsigned long: "
                << unsigned_long_basic_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned long long basic test
  std::vector<unsigned long long> const unsigned_long_long_basic_test_expected{
      0, 10, 1001, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_long_long_basic_test{
      "0", "10 ", "1001 with text", "9.999"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_long_long_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_long_long_basic_test[i];
    unsigned long long result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to unsigned long long for input: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != unsigned_long_long_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f
                << "\" did not match with expected unsigned long long: "
                << unsigned_long_long_basic_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // bool basic test
  std::vector<bool> const bool_basic_test_expected{false, true};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const bool_basic_test{"0", "1"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < bool_basic_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = bool_basic_test[i];
    bool result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to bool for input: \"" << f << "\""
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != bool_basic_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result \"" << f << "\" did not match with expected bool: "
                << (bool_basic_test_expected[i] ? "true" : "false")
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int invalid error test
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_invalid_argument_test{
      "text", "text with 1002", "+50", " 50"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_invalid_argument_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_invalid_argument_test[i];
    int result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::invalid_argument) {
      std::cerr << "expected error should be 'invalid_argument' for: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned invalid error test
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_invalid_argument_test{
      "text", "text with 1002", "+50", " 50", "-50"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_invalid_argument_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_invalid_argument_test[i];
    unsigned result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::invalid_argument) {
      std::cerr << "expected error should be 'invalid_argument' for: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int out of range error test #1 (8 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_out_of_range_test_1{
      "2000000000000000000000", "128", "-129"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_out_of_range_test_1.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_out_of_range_test_1[i];
    int8_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int out of range error test #2 (16 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_out_of_range_test_2{
      "2000000000000000000000", "32768", "-32769"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_out_of_range_test_2.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_out_of_range_test_2[i];
    int16_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int out of range error test #3 (32 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_out_of_range_test_3{
      "2000000000000000000000", "2147483648", "-2147483649"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_out_of_range_test_3.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_out_of_range_test_3[i];
    int32_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int out of range error test #4 (64 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_out_of_range_test_4{
      "2000000000000000000000", "9223372036854775808", "-9223372036854775809"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_out_of_range_test_4.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_out_of_range_test_4[i];
    int64_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned out of range error test #1 (8 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_out_of_range_test_1{
      "2000000000000000000000", "256"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_out_of_range_test_1.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_out_of_range_test_1[i];
    uint8_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned out of range error test #2 (16 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_out_of_range_test_2{
      "2000000000000000000000", "65536"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_out_of_range_test_2.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_out_of_range_test_2[i];
    uint16_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned out of range error test #3 (32 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_out_of_range_test_3{
      "2000000000000000000000", "4294967296"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_out_of_range_test_3.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_out_of_range_test_3[i];
    uint32_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned out of range error test #4 (64 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_out_of_range_test_4{
      "2000000000000000000000", "18446744073709551616"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_out_of_range_test_4.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_out_of_range_test_4[i];
    uint64_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int pointer test #1 (only numbers)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_pointer_test_1{"0", "010", "-40"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_pointer_test_1.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_pointer_test_1[i];
    int result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: \"" << f << "\""
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (strcmp(answer.ptr, "") != 0) {
      std::cerr << "ptr of result " << f
                << " did not match with expected ptr: \"\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int pointer test #2 (string behind numbers)
  std::string_view const int_pointer_test_2 = "1001 with text";

  auto const &f2 = int_pointer_test_2;
  int result2;
  auto answer2 =
      fast_float::from_chars(f2.data(), f2.data() + f2.size(), result2);
  if (strcmp(answer2.ptr, " with text") != 0) {
    std::cerr << "ptr of result " << f2
              << " did not match with expected ptr: \"with text\"" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  // int pointer test #3 (string with newline behind numbers)
  std::string_view const int_pointer_test_3 = "1001 with text\n";

  auto const &f3 = int_pointer_test_3;
  int result3;
  auto answer3 =
      fast_float::from_chars(f3.data(), f3.data() + f3.size(), result3);
  if (strcmp(answer3.ptr, " with text\n") != 0) {
    std::cerr << "ptr of result " << f3
              << " did not match with expected ptr: with text" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  // int pointer test #4 (float)
  std::string_view const int_pointer_test_4 = "9.999";

  auto const &f4 = int_pointer_test_4;
  int result4;
  auto answer4 =
      fast_float::from_chars(f4.data(), f4.data() + f4.size(), result4);
  if (strcmp(answer4.ptr, ".999") != 0) {
    std::cerr << "ptr of result " << f4
              << " did not match with expected ptr: .999" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  // int pointer test #5 (invalid int)
  std::string_view const int_pointer_test_5 = "+50";

  auto const &f5 = int_pointer_test_5;
  int result5;
  auto answer5 =
      fast_float::from_chars(f5.data(), f5.data() + f5.size(), result5);
  if (strcmp(answer5.ptr, "+50") != 0) {
    std::cerr << "ptr of result " << f5
              << " did not match with expected ptr: +50" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  // unsigned pointer test #2 (string behind numbers)
  std::string_view const unsigned_pointer_test_1 = "1001 with text";

  auto const &f6 = unsigned_pointer_test_1;
  unsigned result6;
  auto answer6 =
      fast_float::from_chars(f6.data(), f6.data() + f6.size(), result6);
  if (strcmp(answer6.ptr, " with text") != 0) {
    std::cerr << "ptr of result " << f6
              << " did not match with expected ptr:  with text" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  // unsigned pointer test #2 (invalid unsigned)
  std::string_view const unsigned_pointer_test_2 = "-50";

  auto const &f7 = unsigned_pointer_test_2;
  unsigned result7;
  auto answer7 =
      fast_float::from_chars(f7.data(), f7.data() + f7.size(), result7);
  if (strcmp(answer7.ptr, "-50") != 0) {
    std::cerr << "ptr of result " << f7
              << " did not match with expected ptr: -50" << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  // int base 2 test
  std::vector<int> const int_base_2_test_expected{0, 1, 4, 2, -1};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_base_2_test{"0", "1", "100", "010",
                                                      "-1"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_base_2_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const f = int_base_2_test[i];
    int result;
    auto answer =
        fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result, 2);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: \"" << f << "\""
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != int_base_2_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result " << f << " did not match with expected int: "
                << int_base_2_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned base 2 test
  std::vector<unsigned> const unsigned_base_2_test_expected{0, 1, 4, 2};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_base_2_test{"0", "1", "100",
                                                           "010"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_base_2_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_base_2_test[i];
    unsigned result;
    auto answer =
        fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result, 2);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to unsigned for input: \"" << f << "\""
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != unsigned_base_2_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result " << f << " did not match with expected unsigned: "
                << unsigned_base_2_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int invalid error base 2 test
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_invalid_argument_base_2_test{"2", "A",
                                                                       "-2"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_invalid_argument_base_2_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_invalid_argument_base_2_test[i];
    int result;
    auto answer =
        fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result, 2);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::invalid_argument) {
      std::cerr << "expected error should be 'invalid_argument' for: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned invalid error base 2 test
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_invalid_argument_base_2_test{
      "2", "A", "-1", "-2"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_invalid_argument_base_2_test.size();
       ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_invalid_argument_base_2_test[i];
    unsigned result;
    auto answer =
        fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result, 2);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::invalid_argument) {
      std::cerr << "expected error should be 'invalid_argument' for: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // octal test
  std::vector<int> const base_octal_test_expected{0, 1, 7, 8, 9};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const base_octal_test{"0", "1", "07", "010",
                                                      "0011"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < base_octal_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = base_octal_test[i];
    int result;
    auto answer =
        fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result, 8);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: \"" << f << "\""
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != base_octal_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result " << f << " did not match with expected int: "
                << base_octal_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // hex test
  std::vector<int> const base_hex_test_expected{0, 1, 15, 31, 0, 16};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const base_hex_test{"0",   "1",    "F",
                                                    "01f", "0x11", "10X11"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < base_hex_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = base_hex_test[i];
    int result;
    auto answer =
        fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result, 16);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: \"" << f << "\""
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != base_hex_test_expected[i]) {
      std::cerr << "result " << f << " did not match with expected int: "
                << base_hex_test_expected[i] << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // invalid base test #1 (-1)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const invalid_base_test_1{"0", "1", "-1", "F",
                                                          "10Z"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < invalid_base_test_1.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = invalid_base_test_1[i];
    int result;
    auto answer =
        fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result, -1);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::invalid_argument) {
      std::cerr << "expected error should be 'invalid_argument' for: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // invalid base test #2 (37)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const invalid_base_test_2{"0", "1", "F", "Z",
                                                          "10Z"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < invalid_base_test_2.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = invalid_base_test_2[i];
    int result;
    auto answer =
        fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result, 37);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::invalid_argument) {
      std::cerr << "expected error should be 'invalid_argument' for: \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // int out of range error base test (64 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_out_of_range_base_test{
      "1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "-1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
      "2021110011022210012102010021220101220222",
      "-2021110011022210012102010021220101221000",
      "20000000000000000000000000000000",
      "-20000000000000000000000000000001",
      "1104332401304422434310311213",
      "-1104332401304422434310311214",
      "1540241003031030222122212",
      "-1540241003031030222122213",
      "22341010611245052052301",
      "-22341010611245052052302",
      "1000000000000000000000",
      "-1000000000000000000001",
      "67404283172107811828",
      "-67404283172107811830",
      "9223372036854775808",
      "-9223372036854775809",
      "1728002635214590698",
      "-1728002635214590699",
      "41A792678515120368",
      "-41A792678515120369",
      "10B269549075433C38",
      "-10B269549075433C39",
      "4340724C6C71DC7A8",
      "-4340724C6C71DC7A9",
      "160E2AD3246366808",
      "-160E2AD3246366809",
      "8000000000000000",
      "-8000000000000001",
      "33D3D8307B214009",
      "-33D3D8307B21400A",
      "16AGH595DF825FA8",
      "-16AGH595DF825FA9",
      "BA643DCI0FFEEHI",
      "-BA643DCI0FFEEI0",
      "5CBFJIA3FH26JA8",
      "-5CBFJIA3FH26JA9",
      "2HEICIIIE82DH98",
      "-2HEICIIIE82DH99",
      "1ADAIBB21DCKFA8",
      "-1ADAIBB21DCKFA9",
      "I6K448CF4192C3",
      "-I6K448CF4192C4",
      "ACD772JNC9L0L8",
      "-ACD772JNC9L0L9",
      "64IE1FOCNN5G78",
      "-64IE1FOCNN5G79",
      "3IGOECJBMCA688",
      "-3IGOECJBMCA689",
      "27C48L5B37OAOQ",
      "-27C48L5B37OAP0",
      "1BK39F3AH3DMQ8",
      "-1BK39F3AH3DMQ9",
      "Q1SE8F0M04ISC",
      "-Q1SE8F0M04ISD",
      "HAJPPBC1FC208",
      "-HAJPPBC1FC209",
      "BM03I95HIA438",
      "-BM03I95HIA439",
      "8000000000000",
      "-8000000000001",
      "5HG4CK9JD4U38",
      "-5HG4CK9JD4U39",
      "3TDTK1V8J6TPQ",
      "-3TDTK1V8J6TPR",
      "2PIJMIKEXRXP8",
      "-2PIJMIKEXRXP9",
      "1Y2P0IJ32E8E8",
      "-1Y2P0IJ32E8E9"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_out_of_range_base_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_out_of_range_base_test[i];
    int64_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result,
                                         int(2 + (i / 2)));
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned out of range error base test (64 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_out_of_range_base_test{
      "10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "11112220022122120101211020120210210211221",
      "100000000000000000000000000000000",
      "2214220303114400424121122431",
      "3520522010102100444244424",
      "45012021522523134134602",
      "2000000000000000000000",
      "145808576354216723757",
      "18446744073709551616",
      "335500516A429071285",
      "839365134A2A240714",
      "219505A9511A867B73",
      "8681049ADB03DB172",
      "2C1D56B648C6CD111",
      "10000000000000000",
      "67979G60F5428011",
      "2D3FGB0B9CG4BD2G",
      "141C8786H1CCAAGH",
      "B53BJH07BE4DJ0G",
      "5E8G4GGG7G56DIG",
      "2L4LF104353J8KG",
      "1DDH88H2782I516",
      "L12EE5FN0JI1IG",
      "C9C336O0MLB7EG",
      "7B7N2PCNIOKCGG",
      "4EO8HFAM6FLLMP",
      "2NC6J26L66RHOG",
      "1N3RSH11F098RO",
      "14L9LKMO30O40G",
      "ND075IB45K86G",
      "G000000000000",
      "B1W8P7J5Q9R6G",
      "7ORP63SH4DPHI",
      "5G24A25TWKWFG",
      "3W5E11264SGSG"};
  int base_unsigned = 2;
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_out_of_range_base_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_out_of_range_base_test[i];
    uint64_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result,
                                         base_unsigned);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    ++base_unsigned;
  }

  // unsigned out of range error base test, multi-wrap (64 bit)
  // These values overflow uint64_t, but the accumulator wraps a whole multiple
  // of 2^64 and lands back at or above the smallest max_digits-length value, so
  // a single comparison against that bound does not catch the overflow. Bases
  // 2, 4 and 16 are excluded because their max_digits-length range fits within
  // a single 2^64 span.
  std::vector<int> const unsigned_multiwrap_base{
      3,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20,
      21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36};
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_multiwrap_base_test{
      "22222222222222222222222222222222222222222",
      "4400000000000000000000000000",
      "5555555555555555555555555",
      "66666666666666666666666",
      "7777777777777777777777",
      "888888888888888888888",
      "46893488147419103233",
      "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA",
      "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB",
      "427772311192C9BAAB",
      "DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD",
      "532C82996D3A44919",
      "GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG",
      "HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH",
      "3835GEGDF36622EG",
      "JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ",
      "KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK",
      "LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL",
      "444BGHB4EG5DA2D",
      "NNNNNNNNNNNNNN",
      "JE5H4MNDLJGNLO",
      "PPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
      "QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ",
      "RRRRRRRRRRRRRR",
      "4H7QS52310IHQK",
      "TTTTTTTTTTTTTT",
      "UUUUUUUUUUUUU",
      "VVVVVVVVVVVVV",
      "WWWWWWWWWWWWW",
      "XXXXXXXXXXXXX",
      "YYYYYYYYYYYYY",
      "6U831JL976P6O"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_multiwrap_base_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_multiwrap_base_test[i];
    uint64_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result,
                                         unsigned_multiwrap_base[i]);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
      std::cerr << "expected error for should be 'result_out_of_range': \"" << f
                << "\"" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // just within range base test (64 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_within_range_base_test{
      "111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111",
      "-1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      "2021110011022210012102010021220101220221",
      "-2021110011022210012102010021220101220222",
      "13333333333333333333333333333333",
      "-20000000000000000000000000000000",
      "1104332401304422434310311212",
      "-1104332401304422434310311213",
      "1540241003031030222122211",
      "-1540241003031030222122212",
      "22341010611245052052300",
      "-22341010611245052052301",
      "777777777777777777777",
      "-1000000000000000000000",
      "67404283172107811827",
      "-67404283172107811828",
      "9223372036854775807",
      "-9223372036854775808",
      "1728002635214590697",
      "-1728002635214590698",
      "41A792678515120367",
      "-41A792678515120368",
      "10B269549075433C37",
      "-10B269549075433C38",
      "4340724C6C71DC7A7",
      "-4340724C6C71DC7A8",
      "160E2AD3246366807",
      "-160E2AD3246366808",
      "7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF",
      "-8000000000000000",
      "33D3D8307B214008",
      "-33D3D8307B214009",
      "16AGH595DF825FA7",
      "-16AGH595DF825FA8",
      "BA643DCI0FFEEHH",
      "-BA643DCI0FFEEHI",
      "5CBFJIA3FH26JA7",
      "-5CBFJIA3FH26JA8",
      "2HEICIIIE82DH97",
      "-2HEICIIIE82DH98",
      "1ADAIBB21DCKFA7",
      "-1ADAIBB21DCKFA8",
      "I6K448CF4192C2",
      "-I6K448CF4192C3",
      "ACD772JNC9L0L7",
      "-ACD772JNC9L0L8",
      "64IE1FOCNN5G77",
      "-64IE1FOCNN5G78",
      "3IGOECJBMCA687",
      "-3IGOECJBMCA688",
      "27C48L5B37OAOP",
      "-27C48L5B37OAOQ",
      "1BK39F3AH3DMQ7",
      "-1BK39F3AH3DMQ8",
      "Q1SE8F0M04ISB",
      "-Q1SE8F0M04ISC",
      "HAJPPBC1FC207",
      "-HAJPPBC1FC208",
      "BM03I95HIA437",
      "-BM03I95HIA438",
      "7VVVVVVVVVVVV",
      "-8000000000000",
      "5HG4CK9JD4U37",
      "-5HG4CK9JD4U38",
      "3TDTK1V8J6TPP",
      "-3TDTK1V8J6TPQ",
      "2PIJMIKEXRXP7",
      "-2PIJMIKEXRXP8",
      "1Y2P0IJ32E8E7",
      "-1Y2P0IJ32E8E8"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_within_range_base_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_within_range_base_test[i];
    int64_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result,
                                         int(2 + (i / 2)));
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "converting " << f
                << " to int failed (most likely out of range)" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // unsigned within range base test (64 bit)
  std::vector<std::string_view> const unsigned_within_range_base_test{
      "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111",
      "11112220022122120101211020120210210211220",
      "33333333333333333333333333333333",
      "2214220303114400424121122430",
      "3520522010102100444244423",
      "45012021522523134134601",
      "1777777777777777777777",
      "145808576354216723756",
      "18446744073709551615",
      "335500516A429071284",
      "839365134A2A240713",
      "219505A9511A867B72",
      "8681049ADB03DB171",
      "2C1D56B648C6CD110",
      "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF",
      "67979G60F5428010",
      "2D3FGB0B9CG4BD2F",
      "141C8786H1CCAAGG",
      "B53BJH07BE4DJ0F",
      "5E8G4GGG7G56DIF",
      "2L4LF104353J8KF",
      "1DDH88H2782I515",
      "L12EE5FN0JI1IF",
      "C9C336O0MLB7EF",
      "7B7N2PCNIOKCGF",
      "4EO8HFAM6FLLMO",
      "2NC6J26L66RHOF",
      "1N3RSH11F098RN",
      "14L9LKMO30O40F",
      "ND075IB45K86F",
      "FVVVVVVVVVVVV",
      "B1W8P7J5Q9R6F",
      "7ORP63SH4DPHH",
      "5G24A25TWKWFF",
      "3W5E11264SGSF"};
  int base_unsigned2 = 2;
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < unsigned_within_range_base_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = unsigned_within_range_base_test[i];
    uint64_t result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result,
                                         base_unsigned2);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "converting " << f
                << " to unsigned failed (most likely out of range)"
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    ++base_unsigned2;
  }

  // int leading zeros test
  std::vector<std::string_view> const int_leading_zeros_test{
      "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011"
      "11110111",
      "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001101121",
      "000000000000000000000000000000000000000033313",
      "00000000000000000000000000000013030",
      "0000000000000000000000000000004411",
      "0000000000000000000000000000002650",
      "0000000000000000000000000000001767",
      "0000000000000000000000000000001347",
      "0000000000000000000000000000001015",
      "00000000000000000000843",
      "00000000000000000000707",
      "00000000000000000000601",
      "00000000000000000000527",
      "0000000000000000000047A",
      "000000000000000000003F7",
      "0000000000000000000038C",
      "00000000000000000000327",
      "000000000000000000002F8",
      "000000000000000000002AF",
      "00000000000000000000267",
      "00000000000000000000223",
      "000000000000000000001L3",
      "000000000000000000001I7",
      "000000000000000000001FF",
      "000000000000000000001D1",
      "000000000000000000001AG",
      "00000000000000000000187",
      "00000000000000000000160",
      "0000000000000000000013P",
      "0000000000000000000011N",
      "00000000000000000000VN",
      "00000000000000000000UP",
      "00000000000000000000TT",
      "00000000000000000000T0",
      "00000000000000000000S7"};

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < int_leading_zeros_test.size(); ++i) {
    auto const &f = int_leading_zeros_test[i];
    int result;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(f.data(), f.data() + f.size(), result,
                                         int(i + 2));
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: \"" << f << "\""
                << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (result != 1015) {
      std::cerr << "result " << f
                << " did not match with expected int: " << 1015 << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }
  // issue 235
  {
    std::vector<char> s = {'0'};
    s.shrink_to_fit();
    int foo;
    auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), foo);
    if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
      std::cerr << "could not convert to int for input: '0'" << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    } else if (foo != 0) {
      std::cerr << "expected zero: " << foo << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }
  // dont parse UTF-16 code units of emojis as int if low byte is ascii digit
  {
    const std::u16string emojis[] = {
        u"ℹ", u"ℹ️", u"☸", u"☸️", u"☹", u"☹️", u"✳",  u"✳️",
        u"✴", u"✴️", u"⤴", u"⤴️", u"⤵", u"⤵️", u"〰", u"〰️",
    };
    bool failed = false;
    auto array_size = sizeof(emojis) / sizeof(emojis[0]);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < array_size; i++) {
      auto e = emojis[i];
      int foo;
      auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(e.data(), e.data() + e.size(), foo);
      if (answer.ec == std::errc()) {
        failed = true;
        std::cerr << "Incorrectly parsed emoji #" << i << " as integer " << foo
                  << "." << std::endl;
      }
    }

    if (failed) {
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }
  // dont parse UTF-32 code points of emojis as int if low byte is ascii digit
  {
    const std::u32string emojis[] = {
        U"ℹ",
        U"ℹ️",
        U"☸",
        U"☸️",
        U"☹",
        U"☹️",
        U"✳",
        U"✳️",
        U"✴",
        U"✴️",
        U"⤴",
        U"⤴️",
        U"⤵",
        U"⤵️",
        U"〰",
        U"〰️",
        U"🈲",
        U"🈳",
        U"🈴",
        U"🈵",
        U"🈶",
        U"🈷",
        U"🈷️",
        U"🈸",
        U"🈹",
        U"🌰",
        U"🌱",
        U"🌲",
        U"🌳",
        U"🌴",
        U"🌵",
        U"🌶",
        U"🌶️",
        U"🌷",
        U"🌸",
        U"🌹",
        U"🐰",
        U"🐱",
        U"🐲",
        U"🐳",
        U"🐴",
        U"🐵",
        U"🐶",
        U"🐷",
        U"🐸",
        U"🐹",
        U"🔰",
        U"🔱",
        U"🔲",
        U"🔳",
        U"🔴",
        U"🔵",
        U"🔶",
        U"🔷",
        U"🔸",
        U"🔹",
        U"😰",
        U"😱",
        U"😲",
        U"😳",
        U"😴",
        U"😵",
        U"😵‍💫",
        U"😶",
        U"😶‍🌫",
        U"😶‍🌫️",
        U"😷",
        U"😸",
        U"😹",
        U"🤰",
        U"🤰🏻",
        U"🤰🏼",
        U"🤰🏽",
        U"🤰🏾",
        U"🤰🏿",
        U"🤱",
        U"🤱🏻",
        U"🤱🏼",
        U"🤱🏽",
        U"🤱🏾",
        U"🤱🏿",
        U"🤲",
        U"🤲🏻",
        U"🤲🏼",
        U"🤲🏽",
        U"🤲🏾",
        U"🤲🏿",
        U"🤳",
        U"🤳🏻",
        U"🤳🏼",
        U"🤳🏽",
        U"🤳🏾",
        U"🤳🏿",
        U"🤴",
        U"🤴🏻",
        U"🤴🏼",
        U"🤴🏽",
        U"🤴🏾",
        U"🤴🏿",
        U"🤵",
        U"🤵‍♀",
        U"🤵‍♀️",
        U"🤵‍♂",
        U"🤵‍♂️",
        U"🤵🏻",
        U"🤵🏻‍♀",
        U"🤵🏻‍♀️",
        U"🤵🏻‍♂",
        U"🤵🏻‍♂️",
        U"🤵🏼",
        U"🤵🏼‍♀",
        U"🤵🏼‍♀️",
        U"🤵🏼‍♂",
        U"🤵🏼‍♂️",
        U"🤵🏽",
        U"🤵🏽‍♀",
        U"🤵🏽‍♀️",
        U"🤵🏽‍♂",
        U"🤵🏽‍♂️",
        U"🤵🏾",
        U"🤵🏾‍♀",
        U"🤵🏾‍♀️",
        U"🤵🏾‍♂",
        U"🤵🏾‍♂️",
        U"🤵🏿",
        U"🤵🏿‍♀",
        U"🤵🏿‍♀️",
        U"🤵🏿‍♂",
        U"🤵🏿‍♂️",
        U"🤶",
        U"🤶🏻",
        U"🤶🏼",
        U"🤶🏽",
        U"🤶🏾",
        U"🤶🏿",
        U"🤷",
        U"🤷‍♀",
        U"🤷‍♀️",
        U"🤷‍♂",
        U"🤷‍♂️",
        U"🤷🏻",
        U"🤷🏻‍♀",
        U"🤷🏻‍♀️",
        U"🤷🏻‍♂",
        U"🤷🏻‍♂️",
        U"🤷🏼",
        U"🤷🏼‍♀",
        U"🤷🏼‍♀️",
        U"🤷🏼‍♂",
        U"🤷🏼‍♂️",
        U"🤷🏽",
        U"🤷🏽‍♀",
        U"🤷🏽‍♀️",
        U"🤷🏽‍♂",
        U"🤷🏽‍♂️",
        U"🤷🏾",
        U"🤷🏾‍♀",
        U"🤷🏾‍♀️",
        U"🤷🏾‍♂",
        U"🤷🏾‍♂️",
        U"🤷🏿",
        U"🤷🏿‍♀",
        U"🤷🏿‍♀️",
        U"🤷🏿‍♂",
        U"🤷🏿‍♂️",
        U"🤸",
        U"🤸‍♀",
        U"🤸‍♀️",
        U"🤸‍♂",
        U"🤸‍♂️",
        U"🤸🏻",
        U"🤸🏻‍♀",
        U"🤸🏻‍♀️",
        U"🤸🏻‍♂",
        U"🤸🏻‍♂️",
        U"🤸🏼",
        U"🤸🏼‍♀",
        U"🤸🏼‍♀️",
        U"🤸🏼‍♂",
        U"🤸🏼‍♂️",
        U"🤸🏽",
        U"🤸🏽‍♀",
        U"🤸🏽‍♀️",
        U"🤸🏽‍♂",
        U"🤸🏽‍♂️",
        U"🤸🏾",
        U"🤸🏾‍♀",
        U"🤸🏾‍♀️",
        U"🤸🏾‍♂",
        U"🤸🏾‍♂️",
        U"🤸🏿",
        U"🤸🏿‍♀",
        U"🤸🏿‍♀️",
        U"🤸🏿‍♂",
        U"🤸🏿‍♂️",
        U"🤹",
        U"🤹‍♀",
        U"🤹‍♀️",
        U"🤹‍♂",
        U"🤹‍♂️",
        U"🤹🏻",
        U"🤹🏻‍♀",
        U"🤹🏻‍♀️",
        U"🤹🏻‍♂",
        U"🤹🏻‍♂️",
        U"🤹🏼",
        U"🤹🏼‍♀",
        U"🤹🏼‍♀️",
        U"🤹🏼‍♂",
        U"🤹🏼‍♂️",
        U"🤹🏽",
        U"🤹🏽‍♀",
        U"🤹🏽‍♀️",
        U"🤹🏽‍♂",
        U"🤹🏽‍♂️",
        U"🤹🏾",
        U"🤹🏾‍♀",
        U"🤹🏾‍♀️",
        U"🤹🏾‍♂",
        U"🤹🏾‍♂️",
        U"🤹🏿",
        U"🤹🏿‍♀",
        U"🤹🏿‍♀️",
        U"🤹🏿‍♂",
        U"🤹🏿‍♂️",
    };
    bool failed = false;
    auto array_size = sizeof(emojis) / sizeof(emojis[0]);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < array_size; i++) {
      auto e = emojis[i];
      int foo;
      auto answer = fast_float::from_chars(e.data(), e.data() + e.size(), foo);
      if (answer.ec == std::errc()) {
        failed = true;
        std::cerr << "Incorrectly parsed emoji #" << i << " as integer " << foo
                  << "." << std::endl;
      }
    }

    if (failed) {
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }
  // The uint8_t and uint16_t base-10 paths use a byte-oriented fast path. A
  // wider code unit whose low byte is an ASCII digit (e.g. U+2131..U+2139) must
  // not be mistaken for that digit. The generic path already rejects these for
  // int; the fixed-width fast paths must agree. Lengths of 1..5 exercise both
  // the uint8_t path and the 4-digit uint16_t SWAR path.
  {
    const std::u16string bad16[] = {
        u"ℹ", u"ℱℲ", u"ℱℲℳ", u"ℱℲℳℴ", u"ℱℲℳℴℵ",
    };
    const std::u32string bad32[] = {
        U"ℹ",
        U"ℱℲℳ",
        U"ℱℲℳℴ",
        U"ℱℲℳℴℵ",
    };
    bool failed = false;
    for (auto const &s : bad16) {
      uint8_t r8 = 123;
      auto a8 = fast_float::from_chars(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), r8);
      if (a8.ec == std::errc()) {
        failed = true;
        std::cerr << "Incorrectly parsed wide units as uint8_t " << unsigned(r8)
                  << "." << std::endl;
      }
      uint16_t r16 = 123;
      auto a16 = fast_float::from_chars(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), r16);
      if (a16.ec == std::errc()) {
        failed = true;
        std::cerr << "Incorrectly parsed wide units as uint16_t " << r16 << "."
                  << std::endl;
      }
    }
    for (auto const &s : bad32) {
      uint8_t r8 = 123;
      auto a8 = fast_float::from_chars(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), r8);
      if (a8.ec == std::errc()) {
        failed = true;
        std::cerr << "Incorrectly parsed wide units as uint8_t " << unsigned(r8)
                  << "." << std::endl;
      }
      uint16_t r16 = 123;
      auto a16 = fast_float::from_chars(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), r16);
      if (a16.ec == std::errc()) {
        failed = true;
        std::cerr << "Incorrectly parsed wide units as uint16_t " << r16 << "."
                  << std::endl;
      }
    }

    if (failed) {
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // Comprehensive, oracle-checked u64 overflow detection across every base.
  //
  // The accumulator in parse_int_string is allowed to overflow and the result
  // is validated afterwards. At the max_digits boundary a value can wrap one or
  // more whole multiples of 2^64 (a 20-digit base-10 number reaches ~5.4*2^64),
  // so the boundary check must be exact. This section validates from_chars for
  // bases 2..36 against an independent, trusted oracle: a plain 64-bit checked
  // multiply-add. It hammers the single leading-digit band that straddles 2^64
  // (where wrapped and non-wrapped values are hardest to tell apart) and also
  // covers max_digits-1 (always in range) and max_digits+1 (always overflow).
  {
    auto digit_to_char = [](int d) -> char {
      return d < 10 ? char('0' + d) : char('A' + (d - 10));
    };
    auto char_to_digit = [](char c) -> int {
      if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
        return c - '0';
      }
      if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
        return c - 'A' + 10;
      }
      return c - 'a' + 10;
    };
    // Trusted oracle: parse `s` in `base` with a checked 64-bit multiply-add.
    // Returns true on u64 overflow; otherwise writes the value to `out`.
    auto oracle = [&](std::string const &s, int base, uint64_t &out) -> bool {
      uint64_t v = 0;
      for (char c : s) {
        uint64_t const d = uint64_t(char_to_digit(c));
        if (v > (UINT64_MAX - d) / uint64_t(base)) {
          return true;
        }
        v = uint64_t(base) * v + d;
      }
      out = v;
      return false;
    };
    auto to_base = [&](uint64_t v, int base) -> std::string {
      if (v == 0) {
        return "0";
      }
      std::string s;
      while (v != 0) {
        s += digit_to_char(int(v % uint64_t(base)));
        v /= uint64_t(base);
      }
      std::reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
      return s;
    };
    // Add one (in base `base`) to the digit string `s`, carrying as needed.
    auto increment = [&](std::string s, int base) -> std::string {
      int carry = 1;
      for (std::size_t k = s.size(); k-- > 0 && carry != 0;) {
        int const d = char_to_digit(s[k]) + carry;
        carry = d / base;
        s[k] = digit_to_char(d % base);
      }
      if (carry != 0) {
        s.insert(s.begin(), digit_to_char(carry));
      }
      return s;
    };

    // Subtract one (in base `base`) from a non-zero, non-negative string.
    auto decrement = [&](std::string s, int base) -> std::string {
      int borrow = 1;
      for (std::size_t k = s.size(); k-- > 0 && borrow != 0;) {
        int d = char_to_digit(s[k]) - borrow;
        borrow = d < 0 ? 1 : 0;
        if (d < 0) {
          d += base;
        }
        s[k] = digit_to_char(d);
      }
      std::size_t lead = s.find_first_not_of('0'); // drop any leading zero
      return lead == std::string::npos ? "0" : s.substr(lead);
    };

    std::mt19937_64 rng(0xC0FFEEULL);
    long long checked = 0;
    auto verify = [&](std::string const &s, int base) -> bool {
      uint64_t expected = 0;
      bool const ov = oracle(s, base, expected);
      uint64_t result = 0xDEADBEEFULL;
      auto answer =
          fast_float::from_chars(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), result, base);
      ++checked;
      if (ov) {
        if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
          std::cerr << "base " << base
                    << ": expected result_out_of_range for \"" << s << "\""
                    << std::endl;
          return false;
        }
      } else {
        if (answer.ec != std::errc()) {
          std::cerr << "base " << base << ": unexpected error for \"" << s
                    << "\"" << std::endl;
          return false;
        }
        if (result != expected) {
          std::cerr << "base " << base << ": \"" << s << "\" -> " << result
                    << ", expected " << expected << std::endl;
          return false;
        }
        if (answer.ptr != s.data() + s.size()) {
          std::cerr << "base " << base << ": did not consume all of \"" << s
                    << "\"" << std::endl;
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    };
    // Leading zeros are stripped before the digit count, so the outcome must be
    // unchanged. Checked only on hand-picked values (it exercises shared code).
    auto verify_zeros = [&](std::string const &digits, int base) -> bool {
      return verify(digits, base) && verify("0" + digits, base) &&
             verify(std::string(40, '0') + digits, base);
    };
    auto random_tail = [&](std::string &s, int n, int base) {
      for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
        // bias toward the extremes (0 and base-1) to hit boundaries often
        std::uint64_t const r = rng();
        int const mode = int(r % 4);
        int const dig = mode == 0   ? 0
                        : mode == 1 ? base - 1
                                    : int((r >> 2) % std::uint64_t(base));
        s += digit_to_char(dig);
      }
    };

    for (int base = 2; base <= 36; ++base) {
      // M = max number of base-`base` digits a u64 can hold.
      std::string const maxstr = to_base(UINT64_MAX, base);
      int const M = int(maxstr.size());
      // b^(M-1): smallest M-digit value, and width of each leading-digit band.
      uint64_t bM1 = 1;
      for (int k = 0; k < M - 1; ++k) {
        bM1 *= uint64_t(base);
      }
      int const dmax = int(UINT64_MAX / bM1); // largest leading digit that fits

      // Exact-boundary sweep straddling 2^64 (the hardest transition): the
      // 64 values UINT64_MAX-31 .. UINT64_MAX (in range) and 2^64 .. 2^64+31
      // (overflow), built by walking the digit string up and down.
      std::string below = maxstr, above = increment(maxstr, base);
      for (int k = 0; k < 32; ++k) {
        if (!verify(below, base) || !verify(above, base)) {
          return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
        below = decrement(below, base);
        above = increment(above, base);
      }
      // Hand-picked values, also checked with leading zeros.
      std::string const allmax(std::size_t(M), digit_to_char(base - 1));
      if (!verify_zeros(maxstr, base) || // largest in-range value
          !verify_zeros(increment(maxstr, base), base) || // smallest overflow
          !verify_zeros(allmax, base)) { // largest M-digit (multi-wrap)
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }

      // Randomized M-digit values across every leading digit. Bands with
      // lead > dmax always overflow (this is where the naive min_safe check
      // wrongly accepted multi-wrap values); lead < dmax always fits; lead ==
      // dmax straddles 2^64 and gets the heaviest sampling.
      for (int lead = 1; lead < base; ++lead) {
        int const trials = lead == dmax ? 4000 : 300;
        for (int trial = 0; trial < trials; ++trial) {
          std::string s(1, digit_to_char(lead));
          random_tail(s, M - 1, base);
          if (!verify(s, base)) {
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
          }
        }
      }
      // max_digits-1 digits never overflow; max_digits+1 digits always do.
      for (int trial = 0; trial < 500; ++trial) {
        std::string shorts(1,
                           digit_to_char(1 + int(rng() % uint64_t(base - 1))));
        random_tail(shorts, M - 2, base);
        std::string longs(1,
                          digit_to_char(1 + int(rng() % uint64_t(base - 1))));
        random_tail(longs, M, base);
        if (!verify(shorts, base) || !verify(longs, base)) {
          return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
      }
    }
    if (checked < 100000) {
      std::cerr << "overflow sweep ran too few cases: " << checked << std::endl;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  }

  // Signed (int64_t) boundary: every value that overflows u64 also overflows
  // i64, and the exact i64 limits must parse. Reuses the oracle indirectly via
  // hand-built extremes per base.
  {
    auto digit_to_char = [](int d) -> char {
      return d < 10 ? char('0' + d) : char('A' + (d - 10));
    };
    auto to_base_signed = [&](int64_t value, int base) -> std::string {
      // value may be INT64_MIN; accumulate magnitude in u64 to avoid UB.
      bool const neg = value < 0;
      uint64_t mag = neg ? (~uint64_t(value) + 1) : uint64_t(value);
      std::string s;
      if (mag == 0) {
        s += '0';
      }
      while (mag != 0) {
        s += digit_to_char(int(mag % uint64_t(base)));
        mag /= uint64_t(base);
      }
      if (neg) {
        s += '-';
      }
      std::reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
      return s;
    };
    for (int base = 2; base <= 36; ++base) {
      struct {
        int64_t v;
      } const limits[] = {{INT64_MAX}, {INT64_MIN}, {0}, {-1}, {1}};

      for (auto const &lim : limits) {
        std::string const s = to_base_signed(lim.v, base);
        int64_t result = 123;
        auto answer =
            fast_float::from_chars(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), result, base);
        if (answer.ec != std::errc() || result != lim.v) {
          std::cerr << "base " << base << ": signed limit \"" << s
                    << "\" failed to round-trip (got " << result << ")"
                    << std::endl;
          return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
      }
      // Increment a non-negative magnitude string (in `base`) by one.
      auto inc_mag = [&](std::string m) -> std::string {
        int carry = 1;
        for (std::size_t k = m.size(); k-- > 0 && carry != 0;) {
          int d = (m[k] >= '0' && m[k] <= '9')   ? m[k] - '0'
                  : (m[k] >= 'A' && m[k] <= 'Z') ? m[k] - 'A' + 10
                                                 : m[k] - 'a' + 10;
          d += carry;
          carry = d / base;
          m[k] = digit_to_char(d % base);
        }
        if (carry != 0) {
          m.insert(m.begin(), digit_to_char(carry));
        }
        return m;
      };
      // INT64_MAX + 1 (= 2^63) overflows a positive int64_t.
      // INT64_MIN - 1 (= -(2^63 + 1)) overflows a negative int64_t.
      // Note that -(2^63) == INT64_MIN is in range and is covered above.
      std::string const max_mag = to_base_signed(INT64_MAX, base); // 2^63 - 1
      std::string const over = inc_mag(max_mag);                   // 2^63
      std::string const under = "-" + inc_mag(over); // -(2^63 + 1)
      for (std::string const &s : {over, under}) {
        int64_t result = 123;
        auto answer =
            fast_float::from_chars(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), result, base);
        if (answer.ec != std::errc::result_out_of_range) {
          std::cerr << "base " << base << ": expected result_out_of_range for "
                    << "signed \"" << s << "\"" << std::endl;
          return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
#else
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

int main() {
  std::cerr << "The test requires C++17." << std::endl;
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
#endif