Add a missing include for the C++ module build (#4868)

The std.h header uses types such as std::atomic and std::atomic_flag.
For the normal build mode, this header does include all the
headers it needs, such as <atomic>.

However when building the C++ module of {fmt}, the std.h header
omits such includes, and instead expects them to be included
beforehand by fmt.cc - which lacked including <atomic>.

This fixes building the C++ module with libc++ 23, which has removed
a number of unnecessary transitive includes.

.github/workflows/linux.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ jobs:
       ${{matrix.shared && 'Shared' || ''}}
       ${{matrix.cxxflags_extra && 'Sanitize' || ''}}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os || 'ubuntu-22.04' }}
+    env:
+      # Run tests in a non-UTC timezone. glibc localtime/strftime honor TZ, so
+      # there is no need for timedatectl, which fails without systemd-timedated.
+      TZ: Europe/Kyiv
     strategy:
       matrix:
         cxx: [g++-4.9, g++-11, clang++-3.6, clang++-11]
@@ -75,15 +79,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
 
-    - name: Set timezone
-      run: sudo timedatectl set-timezone 'Europe/Kyiv'
-
     - name: Install GCC 4.9
       run: |
         sudo apt update
         sudo apt install libatomic1 libc6-dev libgomp1 libitm1 libmpc3
         # https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/amd64/g++-4.9/4.9.3-13ubuntu2
-        wget --no-verbose \
+        # launchpad periodically returns 503s, so retry to avoid flaky CI.
+        wget --no-verbose --tries=5 --waitretry=10 \
+          --retry-connrefused --retry-on-http-error=503 \
           http://launchpadlibrarian.net/230069137/libmpfr4_3.1.3-2_amd64.deb \
           http://launchpadlibrarian.net/253728424/libasan1_4.9.3-13ubuntu2_amd64.deb \
           http://launchpadlibrarian.net/445346135/libubsan0_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12_amd64.deb \
@@ -114,7 +117,9 @@ jobs:
         sudo apt update
         sudo apt install libtinfo5
         # https://code.launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/amd64/clang-3.6/1:3.6.2-3ubuntu2
-        wget --no-verbose \
+        # launchpad periodically returns 503s, so retry to avoid flaky CI.
+        wget --no-verbose --tries=5 --waitretry=10 \
+          --retry-connrefused --retry-on-http-error=503 \
           http://launchpadlibrarian.net/230019046/libffi6_3.2.1-4_amd64.deb \
           http://launchpadlibrarian.net/445346109/libasan2_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12_amd64.deb \
           http://launchpadlibrarian.net/445346135/libubsan0_5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12_amd64.deb \

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.28 AND CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD
       if ((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION
                                                     GREATER_EQUAL 15)
           OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang"
-              AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION GREATER_EQUAL 16)
+              AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION GREATER_EQUAL 16
+              AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_CLANG_SCAN_DEPS)
           OR (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "MSVC" AND MSVC_VERSION
                                                         GREATER_EQUAL 1934))
         set(FMT_USE_CMAKE_MODULES TRUE)

doc/api.md

@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ Use `format_as` if you want to make your type formattable as some other
 type with the same format specifiers. The `format_as` function should
 take an object of your type and return an object of a formattable type.
 It should be defined in the same namespace as your type.
+`format_as` cannot be used when a type also matches another `formatter`
+specialization, such as the range `formatter`, because the specializations
+would be ambiguous. Disable the conflicting specialization, if possible,
+or provide an explicit `formatter` specialization instead.
 
 Example ([run](https://godbolt.org/z/nvME4arz8)):
 

include/fmt/base.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #endif
 
 // The fmt library version in the form major * 10000 + minor * 100 + patch.
-#define FMT_VERSION 120200
+#define FMT_VERSION 120201
 
 // Detect compiler versions.
 #if defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ibmxl__)
@@ -1059,6 +1059,10 @@ template <typename T> struct is_static_named_arg : std::false_type {};
 template <typename T, typename Char>
 struct is_named_arg<named_arg<T, Char>> : std::true_type {};
 
+template <typename T> struct is_named_arg<const T> : is_named_arg<T> {};
+template <typename T>
+struct is_static_named_arg<const T> : is_static_named_arg<T> {};
+
 template <typename T, typename Char = char> struct named_arg : view {
   const Char* name;
   const T& value;

src/fmt.cc

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ module;
 // to prevent attachment to this module.
 #ifndef FMT_IMPORT_STD
 #  include <algorithm>
+#  include <atomic>
 #  include <bitset>
 #  include <chrono>
 #  include <cmath>

test/compile-test.cc

@@ -163,6 +163,10 @@ TEST(compile_test, named) {
             fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{a0} {a1}"), "a0"_a = 41, "a1"_a = 43));
   EXPECT_EQ("41 43",
             fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{a1} {a0}"), "a0"_a = 43, "a1"_a = 41));
+
+  // A statically-named argument with a format spec compiles to spec_field,
+  // which passes the argument to make_format_args as const (#4866).
+  EXPECT_EQ("4.2", fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{arg:3.1f}"), "arg"_a = 4.2));
 #  endif
 }