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Both OnceAction compatibility traits, IsDirectlyCompatible and
IsCompatibleAfterIgnoringArguments, check std::is_constructible before
is_callable_r.
On libc++ that order breaks. Evaluating
is_constructible<std::tuple<OnceAction&&>, ...> drives libc++'s tuple
constructor SFINAE, which calls back into OnceAction's converting
constructor and re-enters the conjunction while it is still incomplete.
GCC <= 8 (e.g. QNX 7.1's gcc 8.3) rejects this with:
incomplete type ... used in nested name specifier
so EXPECT_CALL(m, f()).WillOnce(Return(...)) fails to compile. GCC >= 9
and every Clang accept the original order; libstdc++ is unaffected.
Swapping the two checks fixes it: is_callable_r is cheap and
non-recursive, so the conjunction short-circuits to false for the
non-callable tuple before is_constructible is instantiated.
Fixes #3947.
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Googletest Mocking (gMock) Framework
Overview
Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes. It can help you derive better designs of your system and write better tests.
It is inspired by:
It is designed with C++'s specifics in mind.
gMock:
- Provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks.
- Can define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real and mock objects.
- Handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions.
- Comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments.
- Uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock.
- Does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay needed).
- Allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on function calls to be expressed.
- Lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.
- Does not use exceptions.
- Is easy to learn and use.
Details and examples can be found here:
GoogleMock is a part of GoogleTest C++ testing framework and a subject to the same requirements.